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Microbiology

Description: GATE
Number of Questions: 15
Created by:
Tags: GATE Classification of Infectious Diseases Gene Transfertechnologies Antibiotics Restriction and Modification Enzymes
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Which of the following is a pair of diseases caused by Gram-positive bacteria?

  1. The clap and Typhoid fever

  2. Cholera and Botulism

  3. Typhoid and Listeriosis

  4. Gonorrhoea and Cholera

  5. Botulism and Listeriosis


Correct Option: E
Explanation:

Yes, Botulism is a rare and potentially fatal paralytic illness caused by a toxin produced by the Clostridium botulinum (Gram-positive bacterium). Listeriosis is a bacterial infection most commonly caused by Listeria monocytogenes, (Gram-positive bacterium).

Which of the following diseases is/are caused by viruses with single stranded RNA genome?

  1. Rabies
  2. Breakbone fever
  3. Infantile paralysis
  1. Only 1

  2. Only 2

  3. Only 3

  4. Only 2 and 3

  5. All of these


Correct Option: E
Explanation:

Yes, it is correct. Rabies virus is a neurotropic virus that causes rabies in humans and animals. These viruses are enveloped and have a single stranded RNA genome with negative-sense. Dengue virus single stranded RNA virus of the family Flaviviridae. Poliovirus is composed of an RNA genome and a protein capsid. The genome is a single-stranded positive-sense RNA genome.

Which one of the following sets of diseases is caused by different types of harmful viruses and mainly affects the human brain?

  1. Rabies, meningitis, encephalomyelitis

  2. Encephalomyelitis, meningitis, Alzheimers

  3. Serum hepatitis, meningitis, rabies

  4. Query fever, Alzheimers, Parkinsons

  5. Influenza, Parkinsons, Huntington's chorea


Correct Option: A
Explanation:

This option is correct because this set of diseases is caused by the different types of harmful viruses and mainly affects the human brain.

Which of the following diseases is caused by a DNA virus?

  1. Infectious hepatitis

  2. Serum hepatitis

  3. Hepatitis C

  4. Hepatitis D

  5. Hepatitis E


Correct Option: B
Explanation:

Serum hepatitis or Hepatitis B is an infectious illness of the liver caused by the hepatitis B virus. Hepatitis B virus is a DNA virus and is enveloped. The DNA is only partly double stranded and forms a circle of around 3,200 bases.

Which of the following are examples of human sexually transmitted infection caused by bacteria?

  1. The clap
  2. Trich
  3. Syphilis
  4. Chlamydia
  1. Only 1 and 2

  2. Only 1, 2 and 3

  3. Only 1, 3 and 4

  4. All of these

  5. Only 2, 3 and 4


Correct Option: C
Explanation:

Yes, it is the correct answer. The clap is a common human sexually transmitted infection caused by the bacterium Neisseria gonorrhoeae. Syphilis is a human sexually transmitted infection caused by bacterium Treponema pallidum. Chlamydia infection is a common sexually transmitted infection in humans caused by the bacterium Chlamydia trachomatis.

Which of the following diseases is/are caused by Gram-positive coccus bacteria?

  1. Pertussis
  2. Pneumococcal pneumonia
  3. Diphtheritic croup
  1. Only 1

  2. Only 2

  3. Only 3

  4. Only 1 and 2

  5. Only 2 and 3


Correct Option: B
Explanation:

Pneumococcal pneumonia is a lung infection caused by Streptococcus pneumoniae, a Gram-positive coccus bacterium.

Which of the following is a viral respiratory disease?

  1. Mucocutaneous lymph node syndrome.

  2. Serum hepatitis

  3. SARS

  4. Plague

  5. Diphtheria


Correct Option: C
Explanation:

Yes, severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) is a viral respiratory disease caused by the SARS coronavirus.

Which of the following viral diseases is/are caused by double-stranded DNA viruses?

  1. Morbilli
  2. Epidemic parotitis
  3. Varicella disease
  4. Red plague
  1. Only 1 and 2

  2. Only 1 and 3

  3. Only 2 and 3

  4. Only 2 and 4

  5. Only 3 and 4


Correct Option: E
Explanation:

Yes, it is the correct answer. Varicella disease (Chickenpox) is caused by the varicella zoster virus (VZV), an enveloped double-stranded DNA virus. Red plague or Smallpox is caused by the variola virus, a double stranded DNA virus of the Poxviridae family.

Which of the following diseases is/are caused by Gram-positive spore forming bacteria?

  1. Anthrax
  2. Tetanus
  3. Cholera
  4. Typhoid
  1. Only 1 and 2

  2. Only 1 and 3

  3. Only 2 and 3

  4. Only 2 and 4

  5. Only 3 and 4


Correct Option: A
Explanation:

Yes, it is correct. Anthrax is an infectious disease caused by the Gram-positive, spore-forming rod-shaped bacterium Bacillus anthracis. Tetanus is an infectious disease caused by the anaerobic Gram-positive, spore-forming bacterium Clostridium tetani.

Match the following diseases with their causative agent and vector |||| |---|---|---| |Disease |Causative agent |Vector| |P. Dumdum fever|i. Plasmodium spp.|1. Tse-tse fly| |Q. African trypanosomiasis|ii. Leishmania donovani|2. Sandfly| |R. Epidemic louse-borne typhus|iii. Trypanosoma brucei |3. Mosquito| |S. Malaria|iv. Rickettsia prowazekii|4. Body louse|

  1. P-ii-3, Q-iv-1, R-i-2, S-iii-4

  2. P-iii-1, Q-iv-2, R-ii-4, S-i-3

  3. P-i-2, Q-ii-4, R-iii-2, S-iv-3

  4. P-ii-2, Q-iii-1, R-iv-4, S-i-3

  5. P-i-4, Q-iii-1, R-ii-3, S-iv-2


Correct Option: D
Explanation:

Yes, it is correct. Dumdum fever is caused by Leishmania donovani and transmitted by the bite of the sand fly. African trypanosomiasis (also known as sleeping sickness) is caused by Trypanosoma brucei and transmitted by the tse-tse fly. Epidemic louse - borne typhus is caused by Rickettsia prowazekii and transmitted by the human body louse (Pediculus humanus corporis). Malaria is a mosquito - borne infectious disease of humans and other animals caused by parasites of the Plasmodium spp.

Assertion: Flavr Savr tomato was the first commercially grown genetically engineered food to be granted a license for human consumption. Reason: Flavr Savr tomatoes were developed using recombinant DNA techniques to express the trait of early softening of tomato fruit.

  1. A and R both are correct and R is correct explanation of A.

  2. A and R both are correct and R is not correct explanation of A.

  3. A is correct and R is incorrect.

  4. A is incorrect and R is correct.

  5. A and R both are incorrect.


Correct Option: C
Explanation:

Yes, it is the correct answer. A is correct whereas R is incorrect.  Flavr Savr, a genetically modified tomato, was the first commercially grown genetically engineered food to be granted a license for human consumption. Flavr Savr tomatoes were developed using recombinant DNA techniques to express the trait of delayed softening of tomato fruit.

Which of the following is a pair of antibiotics that act by disrupting the synthesis of the murein layer of bacterial cell walls?

  1. Amoxicillin

  2. Erythromycin

  3. Ofloxacin

  4. Ciprofloxacin

  5. Tetracycline


Correct Option: A
Explanation:

Amoxicillin act by disrupting the synthesis of the peptidoglycan layer of bacterial cell walls.

Match the column – I with column – I ||| |---|---| |Column – I|Column – II| |P. Hookworm|1. Necator americanus| |Q. Threadworm|2. Caenorhabditis elegans| |R. Roundworm|3. Enterobius gregorii| |S. Whipworm|4. Trichuris suis|

  1. P-1; Q-2; R-3; S-4

  2. P-1; Q-3; R-2; S-4

  3. P-2; Q-4; R-3; S-1

  4. P-2; Q-3; R-4; S-1

  5. P-4; Q-3; R-2; S-1


Correct Option: B
Explanation:

Necator americanus is a species of the worm genus Necator. It is a parasitic nematode worm and commonly known as Old World hookworm. Threadworm (Enterobius gregorii) is a small parasitic worm that can live inside the human lower intestine. Caenorhabditis elegans is the giant roundworm of humans, belonging to the phylum Nematoda. The human whipworm (Trichuris suis) is the third most common roundworm found in humans.

Different steps of Variable Number of Tandem Repeats (VNTR) technique are given below: (i) Isolation of DNA, (ii) Separation of DNA fragments by electrophoresis (iii) Digestion of DNA by restriction endonucleases (iv) Hybridisation using labelled VNTR probe (v) Transferring (blotting) of separated DNA fragments to synthetic membranes, such as nitrocellulose or nylon (vi) Detection of hybridised DNA fragments by autoradiography.

The first and the last steps are placed correctly. Which one of the following arrangements of steps (ii) to (v) is correct?

  1. (ii) → (iii) → (iv) → (v)

  2. (iii) → (ii) → (iv) → (v)

  3. (iii) → (ii) → (v) → (iv)

  4. (ii) → (iii) → (v) → (iv)

  5. (ii) → (iv) → (iii) → (v)


Correct Option: C
Explanation:

Correct order of various steps of Variable Number of Tandem Repeats (VNTR) technique is: (i) → (iii) → (ii) → (v) → (iv) → (vi) Isolation of DNA → digestion of DNA by restriction endonucleases → separation of DNA fragments by electrophoresis → transferring (blotting) of separated DNA fragments to synthetic membranes, such as nitrocellulose or nylon → hybridisation using labelled VNTR probe → detection of hybridised DNA fragments by autoradiography.

Assertion: Zinc-finger nucleases (ZFNs) are artificial restriction enzymes. Reason: The DNA-binding domains of individual ZFNs typically contain between nine and eighteen individual zinc finger repeats.

  1. A and R both are correct and R is correct explanation of A.

  2. A and R both are correct and R is not correct explanation of A.

  3. A is correct and R is incorrect.

  4. A is incorrect and R is correct.

  5. A and R both are incorrect.


Correct Option: C
Explanation:

Yes, it is the correct answer. A is correct whereas R is incorrect Zinc-finger nucleases are artificial restriction enzymes obtained by fusing a zinc finger DNA-binding domain to a DNA-cleavage domain. The DNA-binding domains of individual ZFNs typically contain between three and six individual zinc finger repeats and can each recognize between 9 and 18 base pairs.  

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