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Critical Reasoning - 2

Description: CR Mixed Practice Test - 2
Number of Questions: 10
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Tags: CR Mixed Practice Test - 2 Strengthen Assumption Weaken Critical Completion Parallel Reasoning Conclusion
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There are fewer models of the RR available for sale than the number of business houses and billionaires that want to invest in these premium cars. Last year, only 180 cars were sold, while the number of bookings exceeded 1800.

Which of the following, if true, would strengthen the above argument?

  1. Individuals and organisations want to buy the RR car as it is a collector’s item.

  2. The total number of cars sold this year has already exceeded the number sold last year.

  3. The number of bookings for the RR continues to increase.

  4. The cars are sold as per the bookings made.

  5. The number of cars sold last year was equal to the number of cars available for sale.


Correct Option: E
Explanation:

Correct. The only evidence that can prove demand outstripping supply is that all the cars being made are being sold.

Laptops have replaced desktop computers across the world and it has been predicted that by the year 2020, there would be no desktops left. The major laptop manufacturers have reported a sharp increase in the units they produce annually; whereas the sales of desktop computers have dropped significantly. This heralds the end of the desktop computer industry in near future.

Which of the following is a necessary assumption for the above conclusion?

  1. The laptops will not ultimately be phased out in favor of hand held electronic diaries.

  2. The risk of hardware failure is considerably lower in case of laptops than in case of desktops.

  3. The levies on laptops are not likely to increase in the coming years.

  4. Desktop computers are likely to lose their utility altogether.

  5. Laptops are more suitable even where systems are not required to be mobile, as in a local network.


Correct Option: E
Explanation:

5: is the correct option. The conclusion is that desktops are doomed. That means there are virtually no situations where desktops are better. Withdrawing assumption in (e) will negate the conclusion. Option (4) takes a sweeping assumption (no utility altogether) which is not necessary for the conclusion to hold.

A shrewd peasant was always protected well enough against impostors in the market place, and we have all sorts of businessmen who have made themselves excellent judges of phoniness without the benefit of a high-school diploma; but this kind of shrewdness goes along with a great deal of credulity. Outside the limited field within which experience has taught the peasant or the illiterate businessman his lessons, he is often hopelessly gullible.

Which of the options provides critical completion of the passage?

  1. The skepticism and the gullibility go hand in hand.

  2. The situation has, however, changed remarkably of late.

  3. The educated man, by contrast, has tried to develop a critical faculty for general use, and feels fortified against imposture in all its forms.

  4. The peasant and the businessman of today can hardly make do with such crude differentiation.

  5. It is this gullibility which is ultimately exploited by the unscrupulous.


Correct Option: C
Explanation:

3: Correct. The passage starts with the shrewdness of the peasants and less educated businessmen. It then talks about their inadequacy outside their limited field of expertise. “Shrewdness goes along with a great deal of credulity” in the case of “peasant or the illiterate businessman”. “The educated businessmen by contrast …”

A new type of air conditioner claims to have bacteria-killing properties. According to the research and development cell, it kills the microbes present in the air and makes it safer and healthier to breathe. Although these air conditioners cost twice the price of regular types, it is a wise investment to buy the new type and save your family from disease causing bacteria.

Which of the following would weaken the given argument?

  1. The bacteria present in the air get killed at low temperatures.

  2. Like the regular type AC’s, the new type also have several issues with CFC emissions.

  3. Bacteria present in the air are not known to have caused any disease or health related issues.

  4. Only old age people are prone to diseases associated with air infected by bacteria.

  5. The power consumption of new type AC’s is way too higher than the regular ones.


Correct Option: A
Explanation:

1: Correct. The bacteria get killed, not because of the particular type of AC’s, but because of low temperature; so regular AC’s should be good enough.

The senses are said to be greater than the body; but greater than the senses is the mind. Greater than the mind is the intellect; and what is greater than the intellect is the Self. Know that which is greater than the intellect and subdue the mind by reason, kill this enemy in the form of desire that is hard to overcome. Choose the option that best catches the essence of the text.

  1. Realization of Self is the ultimate goal of humanity.

  2. It is Self that is supreme that can control the mind and the knowledge.

  3. Desires are our enemy, but are hard to overcome.

  4. It is the spirit that is supreme and it is this that kills the demon of desire.

  5. Know thyself and conquer the wandering mind and its emanations through true knowledge.


Correct Option: E
Explanation:

5: Correct; “Know that which is greater than the intellect”.

Shark fin soup is a very expensive and popular delicacy in Chinese cuisine. It is prepared from the fins of sharks that are trapped, drugged to remove the fins and then returned to the ocean. These sharks are often eaten up by other sharks, thus greatly depleting their numbers. It follows that this practice will inevitably lead to the extinction of sharks.

Which of the following most weakens the above argument?

  1. Shark fin soup is usually the most expensive dish on the menu and is becoming cost prohibitive.

  2. Most governments are considering proposals to ban the trapping of sharks.

  3. Restaurants that offer shark fin soup on their menu are severely penalized.

  4. Several countries now have fish farms, both man-made and natural, where sharks are allowed to breed and multiply.

  5. More and more people are becoming aware of the ecological damage resulting from the extinction of sharks.


Correct Option: D
Explanation:

4: Correct; (4) presents a situation that allows sharks to multiply even in their natural habitat and thus weakens and negates the conclusion that the sharks will become extinct.

Tea drinking is demonstrated as having significant salutary effects. One area is that of generating a feeling of well-being and good health through its antioxidant action in reducing free radicals. As a result, tea drinkers lead longer, healthier and happier lives.

Which of the following most weakens the above argument?

  1. Several studies have debunked this idea of tea drinker’s leading longer lives.

  2. The antioxidant effects of tea drinking can be obtained through other means also.

  3. Beneficial effects of tea drinking have not been conclusively proved.

  4. Tea and coffee preferences are usually genetically determined.

  5. The perceived happiness is only due to the feel good factor.


Correct Option: D
Explanation:

Option 4 implies a cause other than ‘tea drinking’ to explain the relationship between the premise and the conclusion. Since tea preference is genetically determined, long life also may be genetically determined rather than being the effect of tea drinking. Genetics is the cause, tea drinking and long life are the effects.

Researchers pushing the limits of optical design are learning from a simple sea creature crusted with tiny lenses, each one smaller and more perfect than any human engineer could devise. The brittlestar, as the organism is called, sees with its bones. Built into the starfish's tough, calcite skeleton are arrays of microscopic crystals that focus light ten limes more precise than any manufactured micro-optics. Each brittlestar lens is one-thousandth of an inch across, composed of a calcite crystal that grows into a flawless eyepiece naturally corrected for any distortions, double images or any other optical aberrations. The beadlike lenses cover skeletal plates on the brittlestar's five supple arms and its disk-shaped body.

What conclusion is the author leading us to?

  1. Brittlestars can see with their bones.

  2. The microscopic crystals in a brittlestar focus light much sharper than any other living organism.

  3. Some living organisms control optical structures with a precision beyond the reach of present-day engineering.

  4. A brittlestar has tiny eyepieces all over its arms and body.


Correct Option: C
Explanation:

3: Correct. “Researchers looking for limits of optical design from a simple sea creature…”

The problem of traffic congestion in Athens has been testing the ingenuity of politicians and town planners for years. But the measures adopted to date have not succeeded in decreasing the number of cars on the roads in the city centre. In 1980, an odd and even number-plates legislation was introduced, under which odd and even plates were banned in the city centre on alternate days, thereby expecting to halve the number of cars in the city centre. Then in 1993, it was decreed that all cars in use in the city centre must be fitted with catalytic converters; a regulation had just then been introduced, substantially reducing import taxes on cars with catalytic converters, the only condition being that the buyer of such a 'clean' car offered for destruction a car at least 15 years old.

Which one of the following options, if true, would best support the claim that the measures adopted to date have not succeeded?

  1. In the 1980s, many families purchased second cars with the requisite odd or even number plate.

  2. In the mid-1990s, many families found it feasible to become first-time car owners by buying a car more than 15 years old and turning it in for a new car with catalytic converters.

  3. Post-1993, many families seized the opportunity to sell their more than 15 years-old cars and buy 'clean' cars from the open market, even if it meant foregoing the import tax subsidy.

  4. All of the above

  5. None of these


Correct Option: D
Explanation:

4: Correct answer. Option 1: families buying cars with alternate number to their existing cars, the traffic congestion problem would remain unresolved. Option 2: With families buying old cars and trading them for new cars, number of car owners would increase with each new car sold. Also, old car sellers would’ve bought new cars too. Option 3: Post 1994, more people traded old cars for new, thereby keeping the number of cars on the road same.

Cold water does not quench one’s thirst as effectively as water at room temperature does. On the other hand, cold water is better for taking a bath with as compared to bathing with water at room temperature.

Which of the following most closely parallels the reasoning above?

  1. Eating at a restaurant offers a pleasant ambience but is an expensive outing. Eating at home ensures more whole some and nutritious food, and is less expensive.

  2. Oranges are a richer source of sugar and vitamin C than are apples. However, apples have a higher percentage of pesticides as compared to oranges.

  3. Tea is a more popular beverage in China than is coffee. On the other hand, coffee is the preferred beverage in the western world.

  4. Travelling by air is not as cheap as travelling by road. However, travelling by road is slower than travelling by air.

  5. Walking is not as good a source of exercise as working out at a gymnasium is. However, walking has greater all round benefits than working out at a gymnasium.


Correct Option: E
Explanation:

Correct. The reasoning is: X is not as good as Y for one purpose. However, X is better than Y for another purpose. 

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