Some historical forts that are considered landmarks have not been kept up sufficiently. We need to observe and appreciate these forts, for they have a lot to teach us about our past. Thus, we should do whatever we can to ensure we maintain at least the most precious of these landmarks, at least for the sake of History.

On which of the followig assumptions is the above argument based?

The admission officers at Punjab College's Summer Political Science Seminar are offering special financial aid packages to applicants from the area, which score above the 90 percentile in a local competition. Applicants from other areas who score above the 90 percentile in the national competition will also be offered the package. The officers want to make sure that the applicants who are offered packages are the top scorers.

Which one of the following statements would serve to undermine the admission officers' intent?

Pal Shinde, a renowned stage actor and the founder of the Shinde's Acting Academy, trained countless actors, including dozens of National and Filmfare award winners, several Sahitya Academy award winners and hundreds of successful working actors. Clearly, the skills necessary for success in the profession of acting can be learned.

Which one of the following is an assumption upon which the argument is based?

The Government usually tries to provide financial support to students seeking postgraduate degrees in areas of study seemed important to the National economy. However, one area of study has been under-funded for too long. On average, each Battle Tank purchased by the Government is bought at the expense of Postgraduate Studies in engineering programs for 250 students. Moreover, in the last three decades the number of postgraduate degrees in engineering awarded each year, has dwindled from 20,000 to only 10,000. Nevertheless, national grants to post graduate students of engineering have remained at ridiculously low levels. In fact, some colleges and universities grant more money to engineering students than does the national government.

Which of the following best expresses the main point of the argument?

A recent report that the prestigious software development firm Infoway Solutions is losing revenue due to a decrease in billable hours is greatly overstated. Admittedly, the Software Development department's share of the firm's billable hours fell from 70 percent last year to only 30 percent today. However, during the same time the intellectual property division realized an increase from 20 percent to 30 percent and the software maintenance development department has enjoyed an even greater increase, growing from 5 percent to 35 percent.

Which one of the following statements provides the best reason for why the above statistics, taken alone, do not adequately support the argument's conclusion?

Recently, experienced scientists in public companies have resigned from their positions in record numbers to move to private companies. Therefore, experienced scientists who remain in public companies are now in high demand with those institutions.

Which one of the following, if true, most seriously challenges the claim made in the passage?

A food product is considered nutritious if it meets two criteria. It must meet some BIS standard for fat content and it must not contribute to a vitamin deficiency. For instance, ice cream, which contains milk, does not contribute to a vitamin deficiency, but it does not meet BIS standards for fat content. Therefore, ice cream is not a nutritious food.

If all of the above statements are true, each of the following must also be true EXCEPT

Numerous studies have indicated that the quality of education imparted in state universities is not uniform. Students are much more likely to receive a higher quality education in some universities than they will in others. Since the universities in the studies had approximately equal funding per student, discrepancies in the quality of education are probably a result of differences in the teaching ability of the faculty members.

Which one of the following, if true, constitutes the strongest criticism of the argument above?

In 2002 major overhauls were performed on fifteen percent of roadway buses by transport companies that had been built in the 1990s and that remained in operation. However, only seven percent of the buses manufactured in the 1980s were overhauled.

Which one of the following, if true, best explains the lower percentage of overhauls for the 1980's?

Dinosaur fossils have been discovered in locations all over the earth, but the highest density of fossils has been found in areas, which have experienced few volcanic eruptions. The higher number of fossils discovered in stable regions can only be accounted for by the lack of destructive volcanic eruptions in those areas.

Which one of the following is a necessary presupposition of the argument above?

People who can afford private specialized medical treatment have lower death rates than those who must depend on treatment at Government Hospitals. This explains why people who are in high-paying professions, such as businessmen and Corporate employees, have lower death rates than the people who have low-paying jobs or who are unemployed.

Which of the following, if true, would strengthen the explanation offered above?

Two geologists, Dr. Sushma and Dr. Mitra, have a difference of opinion over the significance of finding Samsonite ore, dating back to the Pregregory era, embedded in a section of Mount Agnes. Dr. Sushma postulates that the presence of Samsonite must have been a result of tremendous volcanic activity in the region, since Samsonite is not indigenous to Agnes. However, since volcanic eruptions contain several other minerals, these too should have been present in the section, yet none were. As a result of this evidence, Dr. Mitra refuses to accept Dr. Sushma’s conclusion.

Which of the following casts the most doubt on Dr. Sushma’s conclusion?

Directions: Read the following information carefully and answer the question given below. In an effort to deny criticism that the radiation emitted from a nuclear research plant poses a health hazard to the surrounding city, the research establishment which operates the facility issued a statement stating that “the level of radiation emitted from the facility is usually lower than that emitted during a chest X-Ray exposure.”

Which of the following, if true, would most weaken the facility's argument?

Directions: Read the following information carefully and answer the question given below.

The proposed plan to place limits on campaign funding for elections should be rejected. The organisations and politicians who have advocated this policy will never be satisfied with the proposed changes in rules. In fact, some supporters of campaign reforms have actually collected funds for future elections. One first time Member of Parliament, who, before his election, promised on being elected, to vigorously support campaign reform, has already voted against three different resolutions proposing various types of limits upon campaign funding. Other politicians, who have previously supported campaign reforms, did not actively demonstrate support for the proposed legislation during the last parliament session.

A critique of the above argument would point out that it does which one of the following?

Many aircraft maintenance and repair companies use sophisticated computer diagnostic techniques, in addition to actual physical inspections, in order to determine which repairs are necessary. Aircraft owners, like airlines, however, are reluctant to pay the extra costs involved for the computer tests, thereby decreasing the quality of service that they receive.

In order for the conclusion above to be valid, which one of the following is a necessary assumption?

Directions: Read the following information carefully and answer the question given below.Aman: Dr. Venugopal, a research astronomer, has clearly shown that her theory concerning the determinants of Nebulas produces consistently precise predictions about how Nebulas will be affected by universal conditions. On the grounds of this evidence, Dr. Venugopal has stated that her theory is inarguably correct.

Nitin: Well, then Dr. Venugopal is not a respectable astronomer. Dr. Venugopal's evidence fails to prove absolutely that her theory is correct. Respectable astronomers consistently acknowledge the possibility that new data will prove that their hypothesis are incorrect. Which one of the following can be the most reasonably concluded from Nitin's argument?

Directions: Read the following information carefully and answer the question given below.The purpose of a socialist state is to provide support while fostering self-reliance. Member of Parliament Mr. K. Singh insists, however, that a socialist state that focuses on developing in an individual the qualities necessary for self-reliance will not provide government-funded assistance to that individual. K. Singh concludes that government-funded socialist programs for the poor not only place an unsupportable burden on the government, but also will not lead to true self-reliance on the part of the individual.

Which of the following is an assumption on which Member of Parliament K. Singh's argument is based?

Directions: Read the following information carefully and answer the question given below.Most geographers are naturalists, but some biologists are also naturalists. Yet all naturalists have one thing in common: they all love nature.

Assuming that all statements above are true, which one of the following must also be true?

Directions: Read the following information carefully and answer the question given below.

Directions: Read the following information carefully and answer the question given below.

In an experiment, two to three year old children and their kindergarten teachers made paintings together using brushes, watercolors, and other tools. Each child-teacher pair used a brush that was substantially different from those used by the other child-teacher pairs, and each teacher repeated the word “brushes” each time her ward used it. However, when the children were called upon to point to all of the brushes among a group of tools that included several brushes, each child identified only the brushes that she had used.

Which one of the following can be properly inferred from the passage above?

Directions: Read the following information carefully and answer the question given below. During the late 1980s and early 1990s, car manufacturers in India introduced a number of new and modern designs. Dramatically different in both appearance and engineering technology, these new models proved less safe than the larger, sturdier cars that had, until that time, dominated the market. Once on the road in significant number, these new models tended to get damaged extensively when involved in front end, rear-end and side collisions. As a direct consequence of the subsequent investigations, manufacturers discarded all the previous tenets of car safety. Thereafter, car manufacturers would rely on far more stringent use of the crash test.

Which one of the following statements can properly be inferred from the passage?

Directions: Read the following information carefully and answer the question given below.

A car industry newsletter recently claimed that if the price of car engines were reduced by 25 percent, the retail price for cars, which utilise these engines, would undergo the same decrease in price.

Which of the following would a skeptic most likely point out about the car newsletter’s claim?

Directions: Read the following information carefully and answer the question given below.

Asbestos, a flame-resistant insulator used in the electrical processes, causes lung tumor in rats, but only when the rats are exposed to large quantities of its fibrous dust. To inhale a quantity of fibrous dust is equivalent to that inhaled by the rats in studies, a worker would have to work in the dust for 18 hours a day. Therefore, it is safe to use Asbestos in electrical processes.

In order for the conclusion that Asbestos is safe to use in electrical processes to be properly drawn, which one of the following must be true?