Directions: Read the passage given below and answer the question that follows it.

Whenever Nitin is going to the office and it is raining, Nitin opens his umbrella. Whenever Nitin is going to the office and it is not raining, Nitin keeps his umbrella shut. Sometimes it is raining when Nitin is not going to the office. If the statements above are true and Nitin's umbrella is shut, which of the following statements must also be true?

Directions: Read the passage given below and answer the question that follows it.

The marketing student was interested only in the attitudes, which those interviewed had toward spending holidays in Himachal Pradesh. In an effort to obtain valid information, she did not reveal that Himachal Pradesh’s Tourism Bureau was sponsoring her research. She asked participants in the interviews to give opinions on and express preferences among many places for spending holidays, a technique that yielded as much information on Kerala and Goa as on Himachal Pradesh.

A plausible explanation for the student’s strategy is that she believed that the participants ________.

The Ludhiana Stock Exchange, LSE, recently automated its trading operations through the use of mainframe computer server. After several major mistakes were detected, an inquiry determined that the mistakes were not attributable to computer breakdowns. Rather, human error was cause for it, as when a sweeper spilled cleaning water on the central server or when there were flaws with the building's fire fighting system. It is evident that such commonplace occurrences should not be considered unlikely to happen over time.

Which one of the following statements follows most logically from the passage?

Coal is formed when pieces of carbon are subjected to extreme geological pressures over a lengthy period of time. Coal from one Coalmine in India contains certain plant pollen, which scientists claim provides evidence of human contact between Africa and India much earlier in human history than was previously believed. These pollen, which come from a plant only found in Africa, are encapsulated in Coal that is more than ten thousand years old. The pollen, according to scientists, must have originated from plants, which were brought by travellers from Africa to India over ten thousand years ago.

Which one of the following, if true, would most weaken the scientists' claim that this pollen is evidence of earlier human contact?

Industry presentations always provide useful information, but only those presentations that hold the interest of students are worth showing in colleges. Some presentations are boring.

Which one of the following conclusions can be properly drawn from the passage?

Last winter, in a national park in Himachel Pradesh, one-fourth of the three-stripped squirrel population was unable to find appropriate burrows for hibernation. This is somewhat curious given the fact that during the same period, the summer animals that had inhabited the burrows during the autumn months had migrated. Many of the burrows were large enough to accommodate the squirrels and were well insulated against the harsh winter weather.

Which of the following statement, if true would best explain why the three-stripped squirrels were unable to find appropriate places to hibernate when there were ample burrows available?

The age of an archeological site can be determined by an investigation of the changes in architectural style stratified throughout the dig. Each level reveals the influence of different leaders. Archeologists have successfully used architectural strata to determine that the Abbyssian Empire occupied the ancient city of Singbum. Structures were found to include ceremonial columns, which were unique to the Abbyssian Empire during the Abbyssian reconstruction.

Which of the following is an assumption on which the archaeologists' conclusion depends?

A new study of school student has found that the average weight of those students, who take up cooking classes as their hobby class, exceeds the average weight of all other students by roughly 3 Kgs. It can be concluded that those who have attended cooking classes tend to eat more excessively than the average students.

Which of the following would be most important to know to evaluate the validity of the conclusion stated above?

Johnny: Because she was a wonderful actress, Meera is qualified to receive a Padma Bhusan. Manu: But Meera is a terrible role model because she was an alcoholic for the last twenty years of her life. She should not be given a Padma Bhusan.

Manu's conclusion depends upon which of the following assumptions?

For two years, while remodeling the Museum, the New Delhi Heritage commission has been transferring a large number of artifacts from the city of New Delhi to both the Mughal and Indian Museums in the city of Agra. It follows that when New Delhi's Museum reopens next year, either Mughal or Indian Museums will have to be closed and their artifacts consolidated.

The author of the statements above assumes that

Because of rules imposed by the Police, restricting the sale of morphine, many people who have trouble with chronic pain turn to illegal drugs. Yet each year illegal drug-alcohol interactions cause deaths of over ten thousand people who probably would have lived had they used morphine instead of illegal drugs, even without changing their alcohol consumption.

Which of the following statements about morphine do the statements above best support?

Between 1990 and 1998, the municipal council contributed one-third more in food and clothing for the beggars than did NGO groups from their own collections. In 2000, for the first time, NGO groups contributed more in food and clothing for the beggars than did the municipal council. Members of the NGO groups assert that this data shows a heightened commitment on the part of the NGO groups to assist the beggars.

Which of the following, if true, would cast most doubt on the assertion made by the members of the NGO groups?

Art Managers have often been criticized for taking too much control of their artist's lives. However, when people are controlled, they lose the ability to make decision about their careers, and it is the stated aim of Art Managers to enable their clients to make the choices that are best for their futures. Therefore, the claim that Art Managers take too much control over their clients is groundless.

Which one of the following presents a shortcoming of the above argument?

In 2001 local tax rates in some regions of the United States fell to their lowest level in fifteen years, while the rates in other regions reached new highs. In 1985 similar conditions led to a large flight of companies, from regions with unfavorable local tax policies to regions with favorable policies. There was, however, considerably less corporate flight in 2001.

Which of the following, if true about 2001, most-plausibly accounts for the finding that there was less corporate flight in 2001?

The CEO of one of India's best companies is amused by the publicity his methods have received. He believes that CEO's receive too much credit for corporate profits and claims that, “people assume too easily that CEOs are geniuses when a company is profitable and morons when a company is not.”

According to the CEO's statement, it can be inferred that he believes which one of the following to be true?

The Olive Ridley Turtles population decreased at an unprecedented rate during the 1970s and 1980s and reached its all-time low in the early 1990s. Environmental Scientists determined that the decrease in population was due to the national policy that permitted fishing in coastal areas with drift nets.

Which of the following, if true, would most strengthen the assertion made by the scientists?

A motion picture by Satyajit Ray, the director who died in 1992, was edited down from 250 hours of footage abandoned by Ray into a 109-minute final form. The film, composed solely of shots directed by Ray, edited according to Ray' shooting script and preliminary director's notes, is therefore a legitimate Satyajit Ray motion picture.

Which of the following, if true, is most damaging to the contention that the new film is a legitimate Satyajit Ray motion picture?

Business computer systems are designed to make workers more productive, by automating a portion of the work that must be completed in a business process. As a result, the employee is free to perform more tasks that require human attention. Although productivity may be lost during a learning period, many businesses experience dramatic gains in productivity after installing a new computer system. While discussing the connection between productivity gains and computer systems, a well-respected business journal recently stated that, the person who serves as the Chief Information Officer is the consummate business computer system.

By comparing a Chief Information Officer to business computer systems, the journal implicitly argues that

Directions: Analyse the statements given and choose an appropriate answer for the question that follows:

The press emphasises dramatic events such as food product poisoning over less sensational events such as the recall of a popular food product, which is a far more common occurrence and poses a much larger risk to the general public. However, the public is inclined to think that the level of attention given to an event represents the true level of risk that the event poses.

Which of the following claims is most strongly supported by the information in the passage above?

Directions: Analyse the statements given and choose an appropriate answer for the question that follows:

In the year 1990, zoning laws were passed in Old Delhi in order to preserve the seventeenth-century style architecture. In the year following the passage of the zoning laws, tourism increased by 20 percent, the sharpest 12-month increase in Old Delhi history. Over the course of the following decade, tourism increased by another 30 percent. Therefore, the zoning laws that were passed in 1990 boosted the city’s economy.

Which of the following, if true, provides the most support for the argument above?

Elion is a liquid, usually highly toxic, that is created only when petroleum is pumped rapidly by offshore petroleum rigs. If and only if the maximum pumping rate of a rig's machinery is exceeded will Elion be released into the surrounding water, usually in unpredictable amounts. A technique must be developed to safely dispose off Elion. Most of the Elion produced at offshore petroleum rigs is shipped to the mainland for disposal in underground caves, but not all caves can safely contain the highly toxic liquid.

Which one of the following can be inferred from the passage?

A certain bacteria in the intestines of hens and other fowls form a non-resistant strain that renders the animals immune to respiratory tract infection. Humans currently must be supplied with vaccines in order to be rendered immune to respiratory tract infection. So if genetic engineering technology can succeed in introducing bacteria that can survive in the human intestine, the need for vaccines will be reduced.

Which one of the following is a presupposition of the above argument?

Some scientists have speculated as to whether usual artistic talent is inborn. If artistic talent were inborn there would now be a pool of young children with such abilities. Artistic scholars feel it would be a pity not to begin intensive artistic training with those children at a very young age, so that they can reach their fullest potential. Currently, there are no tests, which can effectively gauge the artistic abilities of young children, until those children have studied music, or several years. Therefore, __.

Which one of the following is the most logical completion of the argument?

Aman: I have tried many different sorts of dieting programs at various times in the past, which include three kinds of “meal plan” dieting (vegetarian, eggs and diary products) and also diet pills. Because the periods when I was dieting were also the periods in my life when my weight fluctuated the most, I have decided that special diets cannot work for me.

Which of the following, if true, casts the most serious doubt on Aman’s conclusion?

Directions: Analyse the statements given and choose an appropriate answer for the question that follows:

Before the invention of cinema, dance and drama were only appreciated by those who could afford to attend expensive performances. Cinema recordings of dance and drama were significantly less expensive than were tickets to performances. Public demand for cinema recordings of dance and drama, when they first became available, was overwhelmingly greater than demand had been for tickets to performances. This response indicates that there was a dramatic increase in the number of people who watched dance and drama, after dance and drama were first recorded for the cinema.

Which of the following, if true, most weakens the argument?