Which of the following should be the SIXTH (LAST) sentence?

Directions: Rearrange the following six sentences (A), (B), (C), (D), (E) and (F) in the proper sequence to form a meaningful paragraph; then answer the question given below them.

A. Do the devices that make it possible to do so many things at once truly raise our productivity or merely help us spin our wheels faster?
B. More important, they’re exploring what can be done about it – how we can work smarter, live smarter and put our beloved gadgets back in their proper place, with us running them, not the other way around.
C. The dinging digital devices that allow us to connect and communicate so readily also disrupt our work, our thoughts and what little is left of our private lives.
D. They have begun to calculate the pluses, the minuses and the economic costs of the interrupted life – in dollars, productivity and dysfunction.
E. What sort of toll is all this disruption and mental channel switching taking on our ability to think clearly, work effectively and function as healthy human beings?
F. Over the past five years, psychologists, efficiency experts and information-technology researchers have begun to explore these questions in detail.

Which of the following should be the FIFTH sentence?

Directions: Rearrange the following six sentences (A), (B), (C), (D), (E) and (F) in the proper sequence to form a meaningful paragraph; then answer the question given below them.

A. Do the devices that make it possible to do so many things at once truly raise our productivity or merely help us spin our wheels faster?
B. More important, they’re exploring what can be done about it – how we can work smarter, live smarter and put our beloved gadgets back in their proper place, with us running them, not the other way around.
C. The dinging digital devices that allow us to connect and communicate so readily also disrupt our work, our thoughts and what little is left of our private lives.
D. They have begun to calculate the pluses, the minuses and the economic costs of the interrupted life – in dollars, productivity and dysfunction.
E. What sort of toll is all this disruption and mental channel switching taking on our ability to think clearly, work effectively and function as healthy human beings?
F. Over the past five years, psychologists, efficiency experts and information-technology researchers have begun to explore these questions in detail.

Direction: Which of the phrases (1), (2), (3) and (4) given below should replace the phrase given in bold, to make the sentence grammatically meaningful and correct. If no correction is required, mark (5) as the answer.

In any serious investigation, all points of suspicions should check properly.

Direction: Which of the phrases (1), (2), (3) and (4) given below should replace the phrase given in bold, to make the sentence grammatically meaningful and correct. If no correction is required, mark (5) as the answer.

What most of the people think right cannot be said to be necessary and right?

Direction: Which of the phrases (1), (2), (3) and (4) given below should replace the phrase given in bold, to make the sentence grammatically meaningful and correct. If no correction is required, mark (5) as the answer.

The circumstances in which he succumbed below pressure, are not known.

Direction: Which of the phrases (1), (2), (3) and (4) given below should replace the phrase given in bold, to make the sentence grammatically meaningful and correct. If no correction is required, mark (5) as the answer.

All human beings are vulnerable to greed and temptations.

Directions: In the question given below there are four words denoted by (A), (B), (C), & (D). Two of them are either similar in meaning (Synonyms) or opposite in meaning (Antonyms). Find out the pair of Synonyms or Antonyms denoted by AB, AC, AD, etc. and mark your answer accordingly.

(A) Irresponsible (B) Ambitious
(C) Unmotivated (D) Dependence

Directions: In the question given below, there are four words (A), (B), (C) and (D). Two of them are either similar in meaning (Synonyms) or opposite in meaning (Antonyms). Find out the pair of synonyms or antonyms denoted by AB, AC, AD, etc. and mark your answer accordingly.

(A) Benevolent
(B) Malevolent
(C) Equivalent
(D) Unsympathetic

Direction: Which of the phrases (1), (2), (3) and (4) given below should replace the phrase given in bold, to make the sentence grammatically meaningful and correct. If no correction is required, mark (5) as the answer.

How did the burglar got into the bank is a mystery?

Directions: In the question given below, there are four words denoted by (A), (B), (C) and (D). Two of them are either similar in meaning (Synonyms) or opposite in meaning (Antonyms). Find out the pair of Synonyms or Antonyms denoted by AB, AC, AD, etc. and mark your answer accordingly.

(A) Reliance
(B) Offending
(C) Unreasonable
(D) Dependance

Directions: In the question given below, there are four words denoted by (A), (B), (C) and (D). Two of them are either similar in meaning (Synonyms) or opposite in meaning (Antonyms). Find out the pair of Synonyms or Antonyms denoted by AB, AC, AD, etc. and mark your answer accordingly.

(A) Crafty
(B) Idle
(C) Cunning
(D) Interacting

Directions: In the question given below, there are four words denoted by (A), (B), (C) and (D). Two of them are either similar in meaning (Synonyms) or opposite in meaning (Antonyms). Find out the pair of Synonyms or Antonyms denoted by AB, AC, AD, etc. and mark your answer accordingly.

(A) Notorious (B) Luminous
(C) Envious (D) Jealous

Directions: In the question given below, there are four words denoted by (A), (B), (C) and (D). Two of them are either similar in meaning (synonyms) or opposite in meaning (antonyms). Find that pair.

(A) Envisage
(B) Expectation
(C) Demand
(D) Foresee

Direction: In the question given below, there are four words denoted by (A), (B), (C) and (D). Two of them are either similar in meaning (Synonyms) or opposite in meaning (Antonyms). Find out the pair of Synonyms or Antonyms denoted by AB, AC, AD, etc. and mark your answer accordingly.

(A) Lively
(B) Sluggish
(C) Boredom
(D) Heavy

Directions: In the question given below, there are four words denoted by (A), (B), (C) and (D). Two of them are either similar in meaning (Synonyms) or opposite in meaning (Antonyms). Find out the pair of Synonyms or Antonyms denoted by AB, AC, AD, etc. and mark your answer accordingly.

(A) Decent (B) Innocent
(C) Guilty (D) Adolescent

Direction: In the question given below there are four words denoted by (A), (B), (C), & (D). Two of them are either similar in meaning (Synonyms) or opposite in meaning (Antonyms). Find out the pair of Synonyms or Antonyms denoted by AB, AC, AD, etc. and mark your answer accordingly.

(A) Docile (B) Indisciplined (C) Liberal (D) Tolerant

Direction: In the question given below there are four words denoted by (A), (B), (C), & (D). Two of them are either similar in meaning (Synonyms) or opposite in meaning (Antonyms). Find out the pair of Synonyms or Antonyms denoted by AB, AC, AD, etc. and mark your answer accordingly.

(A) Inspire (B) Engrave
(C) Stimulate (D) Respond

Directions: Choose the word or group of words which is MOST NEARLY THE SAME in meaning as the word printed in bold.

DISTANCE

Directions: Choose the word or group of words which is MOST OPPOSITE in meaning of the word printed in bold.

IMPEDES

Directions: Choose the word or group of words which is MOST OPPOSITE in meaning of the word printed in bold.

UNBUNDLING

Direction: Choose the word or group of words which is MOST NEARLY THE SAME in meaning as the word printed in bold.

DELUSION

Directions: In the question below, a sentence, with four words printed in bold type, is given. These are numbered as (1), (2) and (3). One of these four words may be either wrongly spelt or inappropriate in the context of the sentence. Find out the word which is wrongly spelt or inappropriate, if any. The number of that word is your answer. If all the four words are correctly spelt and also appropriate in the context of the sentence, mark (4), i.e. ‘All correct’ as your answer.

His (1) derogatory remark (2) humiliated me, but I kept my (3) cool and didn’t allow my work to be affected by it. (4) All correct

Direction: In the question below a sentence with four words printed in bold type is given. These are numbered as (1), (2), (3) and (4). One of these four words may be either wrongly spelt or Inappropriate in the context of the sentence. Find out the word which is wrongly spelt or inappropriate, if any. The number of that word is your answer. If all the four words are correctly spelt and also appropriate in the context of the sentence, mark (5) i.e. ‘All Correct’ as your answer.

The (1) objective of the (2) programme is to (3) intertain the (4) spectators. (5) All correct

Direction: In the question below, a sentence with four words printed in bold is given. These are numbered as (1), (2), (3) and (4). One of these four words may be either wrongly spelt or inappropriate in the context of the sentence. Find out the word which is wrongly spelt or inappropriate, if any. The number of that word is your answer. If all the four words are correctly spelt and also appropriate in the context of the sentence, mark (5), i.e. ‘All correct’ as your answer.

The (1) suspected (2) criminals who were (3) accused of snatching ladies’ necklaces were finally booked. (4) All correct (5)

Directions: In the question below, a sentence, with four words printed in bold type, is given. These are numbered as (1), (2), (3) and (4). One of these four words may be either wrongly spelt or inappropriate in the context of the sentence. Find out the word which is wrongly spelt or inappropriate, if any. The number of that word is your answer. If all the four words are correctly spelt and also appropriate in the context of the sentence, mark (5), i.e. ‘All correct’ as your answer.

The (1) quantification of intellectual property is more (2) complicating than most pricing because today it is (3) relatively (4) inexpensive to make copies of most intellectual property. (5) All correct

Directions: In the question below, a sentence with four words printed in bold type is given. These are numbered as (1), (2), (3) and (4). One of these four words may be either wrongly spelt or Inappropriate in the context of the sentence. Find out the word which is wrongly spelt or inappropriate, if any. The number of that word is your answer.

Enforcement of laws and clean and (1) efficiency administration are the (2) fundamental functions of the Government (3) machinery known as (4) Bureaucracy.

Why are the Central undertakings not capable of generating power at low cost?

Directions: Read the following passage carefully and answer the given question. 

Amartya Sen wrote about the Indian tradition of skepticism and heterodoxy of opinion that led to high levels of intellectual argument. The power sector in India is a victim of this tradition at its worst. Instead of forcefully communicating, supporting and honestly and firmly implementing policies, people just debate them. It is argued that central undertakings produce power at lower tariffs and must therefore, build most of the required extra capacities. This is a delusion. They no longer have access to low-cost government funds.

Uncertainty about payment remains a reason for the hesitation of private investment. They had to sell only to SEBs (State Electricity Boards). SEB balance sheets are cleaner after the “securitisation” of the Rs. 40,000 crore or so owed by SEBs to central government undertakings, now shown as debt instruments. But, state governments have not implemented agreed plans to ensure repayment when due. The current annual losses of around Rs. 28,000 crore make repayment highly uncertain. The central undertakings that are their main suppliers have payment security because the government will come to their help. Private enterprises do not have such assurance and are concerned about payment security, that must be resolved.
                                   
By the late 1990s, improving the SEB finances was recognised as fundamental to power reform. Unbundling SEBs, working under corporate discipline and even privatisation and not vertically integrated state enterprises, are necessary for efficient and financially viable electricity enterprises. Since the government will not distance itself from managing them, privatising is an option. The Delhi model has worked. But, it receives no public support.
                                   
The Electricity Act 2003, the APRDP (Accelerated Power Reform and Development Programme) with its incentives and penalties, and the creation of independent regulatory commissions, were the means to bring about reforms to improve financial viability of power sector. Implementation has been half-hearted and results disappointing. The concurrent nature of electricity in the Constitution impedes power sector improvement. States are more responsive to populist pressures than the central government, and less inclined to take drastic action against electricity thieves.

Captive power would add significantly to capacity. However, captive generation, three years after the Act enabled it, has added little to capacity because rules for open access were delayed. Redefined captive generation avoids state vetoes on purchase or sale of electricity except to state electricity enterprises. Mandating open access on state-owned wires to power regardless of ownership and customer would encourage electricity trading. The Act recognised electricity trading as a separate activity. A surcharge on transmission charges will pay for cross-subsidies. These were to be eliminated in time. Rules for open access and quantucom of surcharge by each state commission (under broad principles defined by the central commission) have yet to be announced by some. The few who have announced the surcharge have kept it so high that no trading can take place.

Which of the following should be the SECOND sentence?

Directions: Rearrange the following six sentences (A), (B), (C), (D), (E) and (F) in the proper sequence to form a meaningful paragraph; then answer the question given below them.

A. Do the devices that make it possible to do so many things at once truly raise our productivity or merely help us spin our wheels faster?
B. More important, they’re exploring what can be done about it – how we can work smarter, live smarter and put our beloved gadgets back in their proper place, with us running them, not the other way around.
C. The dinging digital devices that allow us to connect and communicate so readily also disrupt our work, our thoughts and what little is left of our private lives.
D. They have begun to calculate the pluses, the minuses and the economic costs of the interrupted life – in dollars, productivity and dysfunction.
E. What sort of toll is all this disruption and mental channel switching taking on our ability to think clearly, work effectively and function as healthy human beings?
F. Over the past five years, psychologists, efficiency experts and information-technology researchers have begun to explore these questions in detail.

What serious drawback of the states is pointed out by the author of the passage?

Directions: Read the following passage carefully and answer the given question. 

Amartya Sen wrote about the Indian tradition of skepticism and heterodoxy of opinion that led to high levels of intellectual argument. The power sector in India is a victim of this tradition at its worst. Instead of forcefully communicating, supporting and honestly and firmly implementing policies, people just debate them. It is argued that central undertakings produce power at lower tariffs and must therefore, build most of the required extra capacities. This is a delusion. They no longer have access to low-cost government funds.

Uncertainty about payment remains a reason for the hesitation of private investment. They had to sell only to SEBs (State Electricity Boards). SEB balance sheets are cleaner after the “securitisation” of the Rs. 40,000 crore or so owed by SEBs to central government undertakings, now shown as debt instruments. But, state governments have not implemented agreed plans to ensure repayment when due. The current annual losses of around Rs. 28,000 crore make repayment highly uncertain. The central undertakings that are their main suppliers have payment security because the government will come to their help. Private enterprises do not have such assurance and are concerned about payment security, that must be resolved.
                                   
By the late 1990s, improving the SEB finances was recognised as fundamental to power reform. Unbundling SEBs, working under corporate discipline and even privatisation and not vertically integrated state enterprises, are necessary for efficient and financially viable electricity enterprises. Since the government will not distance itself from managing them, privatising is an option. The Delhi model has worked. But, it receives no public support.
                                   
The Electricity Act 2003, the APRDP (Accelerated Power Reform and Development Programme) with its incentives and penalties, and the creation of independent regulatory commissions, were the means to bring about reforms to improve financial viability of power sector. Implementation has been half-hearted and results disappointing. The concurrent nature of electricity in the Constitution impedes power sector improvement. States are more responsive to populist pressures than the central government, and less inclined to take drastic action against electricity thieves.

Captive power would add significantly to capacity. However, captive generation, three years after the Act enabled it, has added little to capacity because rules for open access were delayed. Redefined captive generation avoids state vetoes on purchase or sale of electricity except to state electricity enterprises. Mandating open access on state-owned wires to power regardless of ownership and customer would encourage electricity trading. The Act recognised electricity trading as a separate activity. A surcharge on transmission charges will pay for cross-subsidies. These were to be eliminated in time. Rules for open access and quantucom of surcharge by each state commission (under broad principles defined by the central commission) have yet to be announced by some. The few who have announced the surcharge have kept it so high that no trading can take place.

Why were the results of the power sector reforms NOT anticipated?

Directions: Read the following passage carefully and answer the given question. 

Amartya Sen wrote about the Indian tradition of skepticism and heterodoxy of opinion that led to high levels of intellectual argument. The power sector in India is a victim of this tradition at its worst. Instead of forcefully communicating, supporting and honestly and firmly implementing policies, people just debate them. It is argued that central undertakings produce power at lower tariffs and must therefore, build most of the required extra capacities. This is a delusion. They no longer have access to low-cost government funds.

Uncertainty about payment remains a reason for the hesitation of private investment. They had to sell only to SEBs (State Electricity Boards). SEB balance sheets are cleaner after the “securitisation” of the Rs. 40,000 crore or so owed by SEBs to central government undertakings, now shown as debt instruments. But, state governments have not implemented agreed plans to ensure repayment when due. The current annual losses of around Rs. 28,000 crore make repayment highly uncertain. The central undertakings that are their main suppliers have payment security because the government will come to their help. Private enterprises do not have such assurance and are concerned about payment security, that must be resolved.
                                   
By the late 1990s, improving the SEB finances was recognised as fundamental to power reform. Unbundling SEBs, working under corporate discipline and even privatisation and not vertically integrated state enterprises, are necessary for efficient and financially viable electricity enterprises. Since the government will not distance itself from managing them, privatising is an option. The Delhi model has worked. But, it receives no public support.
                                   
The Electricity Act 2003, the APRDP (Accelerated Power Reform and Development Programme) with its incentives and penalties, and the creation of independent regulatory commissions, were the means to bring about reforms to improve financial viability of power sector. Implementation has been half-hearted and results disappointing. The concurrent nature of electricity in the Constitution impedes power sector improvement. States are more responsive to populist pressures than the central government, and less inclined to take drastic action against electricity thieves.

Captive power would add significantly to capacity. However, captive generation, three years after the Act enabled it, has added little to capacity because rules for open access were delayed. Redefined captive generation avoids state vetoes on purchase or sale of electricity except to state electricity enterprises. Mandating open access on state-owned wires to power regardless of ownership and customer would encourage electricity trading. The Act recognised electricity trading as a separate activity. A surcharge on transmission charges will pay for cross-subsidies. These were to be eliminated in time. Rules for open access and quantucom of surcharge by each state commission (under broad principles defined by the central commission) have yet to be announced by some. The few who have announced the surcharge have kept it so high that no trading can take place.

Directions: Choose the word or group of words which is MOST OPPOSITE in meaning to the word printed in bold.

Forcefully

Directions: Read the following passage carefully and answer the given question. 

Amartya Sen wrote about the Indian tradition of skepticism and heterodoxy of opinion that led to high levels of intellectual argument. The power sector in India is a victim of this tradition at its worst. Instead of forcefully communicating, supporting and honestly and firmly implementing policies, people just debate them. It is argued that central undertakings produce power at lower tariffs and must therefore, build most of the required extra capacities. This is a delusion. They no longer have access to low-cost government funds.

Uncertainty about payment remains a reason for the hesitation of private investment. They had to sell only to SEBs (State Electricity Boards). SEB balance sheets are cleaner after the “securitisation” of the Rs. 40,000 crore or so owed by SEBs to central government undertakings, now shown as debt instruments. But, state governments have not implemented agreed plans to ensure repayment when due. The current annual losses of around Rs. 28,000 crore make repayment highly uncertain. The central undertakings that are their main suppliers have payment security because the government will come to their help. Private enterprises do not have such assurance and are concerned about payment security, that must be resolved.
                                   
By the late 1990s, improving the SEB finances was recognised as fundamental to power reform. Unbundling SEBs, working under corporate discipline and even privatisation and not vertically integrated state enterprises, are necessary for efficient and financially viable electricity enterprises. Since the government will not distance itself from managing them, privatising is an option. The Delhi model has worked. But, it receives no public support.
                                   
The Electricity Act 2003, the APRDP (Accelerated Power Reform and Development Programme) with its incentives and penalties, and the creation of independent regulatory commissions, were the means to bring about reforms to improve financial viability of power sector. Implementation has been half-hearted and results disappointing. The concurrent nature of electricity in the Constitution impedes power sector improvement. States are more responsive to populist pressures than the central government, and less inclined to take drastic action against electricity thieves.

Captive power would add significantly to capacity. However, captive generation, three years after the Act enabled it, has added little to capacity because rules for open access were delayed. Redefined captive generation avoids state vetoes on purchase or sale of electricity except to state electricity enterprises. Mandating open access on state-owned wires to power regardless of ownership and customer would encourage electricity trading. The Act recognised electricity trading as a separate activity. A surcharge on transmission charges will pay for cross-subsidies. These were to be eliminated in time. Rules for open access and quantucom of surcharge by each state commission (under broad principles defined by the central commission) have yet to be announced by some. The few who have announced the surcharge have kept it so high that no trading can take place.

Directions: Choose the word or group of words which is most nearly the same in meaning to the given word.

Viability

Directions: Read the following passage carefully and answer the given question. 

Amartya Sen wrote about the Indian tradition of skepticism and heterodoxy of opinion that led to high levels of intellectual argument. The power sector in India is a victim of this tradition at its worst. Instead of forcefully communicating, supporting and honestly and firmly implementing policies, people just debate them. It is argued that central undertakings produce power at lower tariffs and must therefore, build most of the required extra capacities. This is a delusion. They no longer have access to low-cost government funds.

Uncertainty about payment remains a reason for the hesitation of private investment. They had to sell only to SEBs (State Electricity Boards). SEB balance sheets are cleaner after the “securitisation” of the Rs. 40,000 crore or so owed by SEBs to central government undertakings, now shown as debt instruments. But, state governments have not implemented agreed plans to ensure repayment when due. The current annual losses of around Rs. 28,000 crore make repayment highly uncertain. The central undertakings that are their main suppliers have payment security because the government will come to their help. Private enterprises do not have such assurance and are concerned about payment security, that must be resolved.
                                   
By the late 1990s, improving the SEB finances was recognised as fundamental to power reform. Unbundling SEBs, working under corporate discipline and even privatisation and not vertically integrated state enterprises, are necessary for efficient and financially viable electricity enterprises. Since the government will not distance itself from managing them, privatising is an option. The Delhi model has worked. But, it receives no public support.
                                   
The Electricity Act 2003, the APRDP (Accelerated Power Reform and Development Programme) with its incentives and penalties, and the creation of independent regulatory commissions, were the means to bring about reforms to improve financial viability of power sector. Implementation has been half-hearted and results disappointing. The concurrent nature of electricity in the Constitution impedes power sector improvement. States are more responsive to populist pressures than the central government, and less inclined to take drastic action against electricity thieves.

Captive power would add significantly to capacity. However, captive generation, three years after the Act enabled it, has added little to capacity because rules for open access were delayed. Redefined captive generation avoids state vetoes on purchase or sale of electricity except to state electricity enterprises. Mandating open access on state-owned wires to power regardless of ownership and customer would encourage electricity trading. The Act recognised electricity trading as a separate activity. A surcharge on transmission charges will pay for cross-subsidies. These were to be eliminated in time. Rules for open access and quantucom of surcharge by each state commission (under broad principles defined by the central commission) have yet to be announced by some. The few who have announced the surcharge have kept it so high that no trading can take place.

Which of the following was NOT considered as the instrument to accomplish financial well-being of the power sector?

Directions: Read the following passage carefully and answer the given question. 

Amartya Sen wrote about the Indian tradition of skepticism and heterodoxy of opinion that led to high levels of intellectual argument. The power sector in India is a victim of this tradition at its worst. Instead of forcefully communicating, supporting and honestly and firmly implementing policies, people just debate them. It is argued that central undertakings produce power at lower tariffs and must therefore, build most of the required extra capacities. This is a delusion. They no longer have access to low-cost government funds.

Uncertainty about payment remains a reason for the hesitation of private investment. They had to sell only to SEBs (State Electricity Boards). SEB balance sheets are cleaner after the “securitisation” of the Rs. 40,000 crore or so owed by SEBs to central government undertakings, now shown as debt instruments. But, state governments have not implemented agreed plans to ensure repayment when due. The current annual losses of around Rs. 28,000 crore make repayment highly uncertain. The central undertakings that are their main suppliers have payment security because the government will come to their help. Private enterprises do not have such assurance and are concerned about payment security, that must be resolved.
                                   
By the late 1990s, improving the SEB finances was recognised as fundamental to power reform. Unbundling SEBs, working under corporate discipline and even privatisation and not vertically integrated state enterprises, are necessary for efficient and financially viable electricity enterprises. Since the government will not distance itself from managing them, privatising is an option. The Delhi model has worked. But, it receives no public support.
                                   
The Electricity Act 2003, the APRDP (Accelerated Power Reform and Development Programme) with its incentives and penalties, and the creation of independent regulatory commissions, were the means to bring about reforms to improve financial viability of power sector. Implementation has been half-hearted and results disappointing. The concurrent nature of electricity in the Constitution impedes power sector improvement. States are more responsive to populist pressures than the central government, and less inclined to take drastic action against electricity thieves.

Captive power would add significantly to capacity. However, captive generation, three years after the Act enabled it, has added little to capacity because rules for open access were delayed. Redefined captive generation avoids state vetoes on purchase or sale of electricity except to state electricity enterprises. Mandating open access on state-owned wires to power regardless of ownership and customer would encourage electricity trading. The Act recognised electricity trading as a separate activity. A surcharge on transmission charges will pay for cross-subsidies. These were to be eliminated in time. Rules for open access and quantucom of surcharge by each state commission (under broad principles defined by the central commission) have yet to be announced by some. The few who have announced the surcharge have kept it so high that no trading can take place.

The example of “Delhi Model” quoted by the author underlines his feelings of

(A) happiness about its success (B) unhappiness for lack of public support (C) disgust towards privatisation

Directions: Read the following passage carefully and answer the given question. 

Amartya Sen wrote about the Indian tradition of skepticism and heterodoxy of opinion that led to high levels of intellectual argument. The power sector in India is a victim of this tradition at its worst. Instead of forcefully communicating, supporting and honestly and firmly implementing policies, people just debate them. It is argued that central undertakings produce power at lower tariffs and must therefore, build most of the required extra capacities. This is a delusion. They no longer have access to low-cost government funds.

Uncertainty about payment remains a reason for the hesitation of private investment. They had to sell only to SEBs (State Electricity Boards). SEB balance sheets are cleaner after the “securitisation” of the Rs. 40,000 crore or so owed by SEBs to central government undertakings, now shown as debt instruments. But, state governments have not implemented agreed plans to ensure repayment when due. The current annual losses of around Rs. 28,000 crore make repayment highly uncertain. The central undertakings that are their main suppliers have payment security because the government will come to their help. Private enterprises do not have such assurance and are concerned about payment security, that must be resolved.
                                   
By the late 1990s, improving the SEB finances was recognised as fundamental to power reform. Unbundling SEBs, working under corporate discipline and even privatisation and not vertically integrated state enterprises, are necessary for efficient and financially viable electricity enterprises. Since the government will not distance itself from managing them, privatising is an option. The Delhi model has worked. But, it receives no public support.
                                   
The Electricity Act 2003, the APRDP (Accelerated Power Reform and Development Programme) with its incentives and penalties, and the creation of independent regulatory commissions, were the means to bring about reforms to improve financial viability of power sector. Implementation has been half-hearted and results disappointing. The concurrent nature of electricity in the Constitution impedes power sector improvement. States are more responsive to populist pressures than the central government, and less inclined to take drastic action against electricity thieves.

Captive power would add significantly to capacity. However, captive generation, three years after the Act enabled it, has added little to capacity because rules for open access were delayed. Redefined captive generation avoids state vetoes on purchase or sale of electricity except to state electricity enterprises. Mandating open access on state-owned wires to power regardless of ownership and customer would encourage electricity trading. The Act recognised electricity trading as a separate activity. A surcharge on transmission charges will pay for cross-subsidies. These were to be eliminated in time. Rules for open access and quantucom of surcharge by each state commission (under broad principles defined by the central commission) have yet to be announced by some. The few who have announced the surcharge have kept it so high that no trading can take place.

Which of the following are considered necessary for improving performance of electricity enterprises?

(A) Corporate work culture (B) Privatisation (C) Properly integrated state enterprises

Directions: Read the following passage carefully and answer the given question. 

Amartya Sen wrote about the Indian tradition of skepticism and heterodoxy of opinion that led to high levels of intellectual argument. The power sector in India is a victim of this tradition at its worst. Instead of forcefully communicating, supporting and honestly and firmly implementing policies, people just debate them. It is argued that central undertakings produce power at lower tariffs and must therefore, build most of the required extra capacities. This is a delusion. They no longer have access to low-cost government funds.

Uncertainty about payment remains a reason for the hesitation of private investment. They had to sell only to SEBs (State Electricity Boards). SEB balance sheets are cleaner after the “securitisation” of the Rs. 40,000 crore or so owed by SEBs to central government undertakings, now shown as debt instruments. But, state governments have not implemented agreed plans to ensure repayment when due. The current annual losses of around Rs. 28,000 crore make repayment highly uncertain. The central undertakings that are their main suppliers have payment security because the government will come to their help. Private enterprises do not have such assurance and are concerned about payment security, that must be resolved.
                                   
By the late 1990s, improving the SEB finances was recognised as fundamental to power reform. Unbundling SEBs, working under corporate discipline and even privatisation and not vertically integrated state enterprises, are necessary for efficient and financially viable electricity enterprises. Since the government will not distance itself from managing them, privatising is an option. The Delhi model has worked. But, it receives no public support.
                                   
The Electricity Act 2003, the APRDP (Accelerated Power Reform and Development Programme) with its incentives and penalties, and the creation of independent regulatory commissions, were the means to bring about reforms to improve financial viability of power sector. Implementation has been half-hearted and results disappointing. The concurrent nature of electricity in the Constitution impedes power sector improvement. States are more responsive to populist pressures than the central government, and less inclined to take drastic action against electricity thieves.

Captive power would add significantly to capacity. However, captive generation, three years after the Act enabled it, has added little to capacity because rules for open access were delayed. Redefined captive generation avoids state vetoes on purchase or sale of electricity except to state electricity enterprises. Mandating open access on state-owned wires to power regardless of ownership and customer would encourage electricity trading. The Act recognised electricity trading as a separate activity. A surcharge on transmission charges will pay for cross-subsidies. These were to be eliminated in time. Rules for open access and quantucom of surcharge by each state commission (under broad principles defined by the central commission) have yet to be announced by some. The few who have announced the surcharge have kept it so high that no trading can take place.

Which of the following should be the FIRST sentence?

Directions: Rearrange the following six sentences (A), (B), (C), (D), (E) and (F) in the proper sequence to form a meaningful paragraph; then answer the question given below them.

A. Do the devices that make it possible to do so many things at once truly raise our productivity or merely help us spin our wheels faster?
B. More important, they’re exploring what can be done about it – how we can work smarter, live smarter and put our beloved gadgets back in their proper place, with us running them, not the other way around.
C. The dinging digital devices that allow us to connect and communicate so readily also disrupt our work, our thoughts and what little is left of our private lives.
D. They have begun to calculate the pluses, the minuses and the economic costs of the interrupted life – in dollars, productivity and dysfunction.
E. What sort of toll is all this disruption and mental channel switching taking on our ability to think clearly, work effectively and function as healthy human beings?
F. Over the past five years, psychologists, efficiency experts and information-technology researchers have begun to explore these questions in detail.

Which of the following is the reason for apathy of private investors in the power sector?

Directions: Read the following passage carefully and answer the given question. 

Amartya Sen wrote about the Indian tradition of skepticism and heterodoxy of opinion that led to high levels of intellectual argument. The power sector in India is a victim of this tradition at its worst. Instead of forcefully communicating, supporting and honestly and firmly implementing policies, people just debate them. It is argued that central undertakings produce power at lower tariffs and must therefore, build most of the required extra capacities. This is a delusion. They no longer have access to low-cost government funds.

Uncertainty about payment remains a reason for the hesitation of private investment. They had to sell only to SEBs (State Electricity Boards). SEB balance sheets are cleaner after the “securitisation” of the Rs. 40,000 crore or so owed by SEBs to central government undertakings, now shown as debt instruments. But, state governments have not implemented agreed plans to ensure repayment when due. The current annual losses of around Rs. 28,000 crore make repayment highly uncertain. The central undertakings that are their main suppliers have payment security because the government will come to their help. Private enterprises do not have such assurance and are concerned about payment security, that must be resolved.
                                   
By the late 1990s, improving the SEB finances was recognised as fundamental to power reform. Unbundling SEBs, working under corporate discipline and even privatisation and not vertically integrated state enterprises, are necessary for efficient and financially viable electricity enterprises. Since the government will not distance itself from managing them, privatising is an option. The Delhi model has worked. But, it receives no public support.
                                   
The Electricity Act 2003, the APRDP (Accelerated Power Reform and Development Programme) with its incentives and penalties, and the creation of independent regulatory commissions, were the means to bring about reforms to improve financial viability of power sector. Implementation has been half-hearted and results disappointing. The concurrent nature of electricity in the Constitution impedes power sector improvement. States are more responsive to populist pressures than the central government, and less inclined to take drastic action against electricity thieves.

Captive power would add significantly to capacity. However, captive generation, three years after the Act enabled it, has added little to capacity because rules for open access were delayed. Redefined captive generation avoids state vetoes on purchase or sale of electricity except to state electricity enterprises. Mandating open access on state-owned wires to power regardless of ownership and customer would encourage electricity trading. The Act recognised electricity trading as a separate activity. A surcharge on transmission charges will pay for cross-subsidies. These were to be eliminated in time. Rules for open access and quantucom of surcharge by each state commission (under broad principles defined by the central commission) have yet to be announced by some. The few who have announced the surcharge have kept it so high that no trading can take place.

The author thinks it appropriate to

Directions: Read the following passage carefully and answer the given question. 

Amartya Sen wrote about the Indian tradition of skepticism and heterodoxy of opinion that led to high levels of intellectual argument. The power sector in India is a victim of this tradition at its worst. Instead of forcefully communicating, supporting and honestly and firmly implementing policies, people just debate them. It is argued that central undertakings produce power at lower tariffs and must therefore, build most of the required extra capacities. This is a delusion. They no longer have access to low-cost government funds.

Uncertainty about payment remains a reason for the hesitation of private investment. They had to sell only to SEBs (State Electricity Boards). SEB balance sheets are cleaner after the “securitisation” of the Rs. 40,000 crore or so owed by SEBs to central government undertakings, now shown as debt instruments. But, state governments have not implemented agreed plans to ensure repayment when due. The current annual losses of around Rs. 28,000 crore make repayment highly uncertain. The central undertakings that are their main suppliers have payment security because the government will come to their help. Private enterprises do not have such assurance and are concerned about payment security, that must be resolved.
                                   
By the late 1990s, improving the SEB finances was recognised as fundamental to power reform. Unbundling SEBs, working under corporate discipline and even privatisation and not vertically integrated state enterprises, are necessary for efficient and financially viable electricity enterprises. Since the government will not distance itself from managing them, privatising is an option. The Delhi model has worked. But, it receives no public support.
                                   
The Electricity Act 2003, the APRDP (Accelerated Power Reform and Development Programme) with its incentives and penalties, and the creation of independent regulatory commissions, were the means to bring about reforms to improve financial viability of power sector. Implementation has been half-hearted and results disappointing. The concurrent nature of electricity in the Constitution impedes power sector improvement. States are more responsive to populist pressures than the central government, and less inclined to take drastic action against electricity thieves.

Captive power would add significantly to capacity. However, captive generation, three years after the Act enabled it, has added little to capacity because rules for open access were delayed. Redefined captive generation avoids state vetoes on purchase or sale of electricity except to state electricity enterprises. Mandating open access on state-owned wires to power regardless of ownership and customer would encourage electricity trading. The Act recognised electricity trading as a separate activity. A surcharge on transmission charges will pay for cross-subsidies. These were to be eliminated in time. Rules for open access and quantucom of surcharge by each state commission (under broad principles defined by the central commission) have yet to be announced by some. The few who have announced the surcharge have kept it so high that no trading can take place.

Which of the following should be the THIRD sentence?

Directions: Rearrange the following six sentences (A), (B), (C), (D), (E) and (F) in the proper sequence to form a meaningful paragraph; then answer the question given below them.

A. Do the devices that make it possible to do so many things at once truly raise our productivity or merely help us spin our wheels faster?
B. More important, they’re exploring what can be done about it – how we can work smarter, live smarter and put our beloved gadgets back in their proper place, with us running them, not the other way around.
C. The dinging digital devices that allow us to connect and communicate so readily also disrupt our work, our thoughts and what little is left of our private lives.
D. They have begun to calculate the pluses, the minuses and the economic costs of the interrupted life – in dollars, productivity and dysfunction.
E. What sort of toll is all this disruption and mental channel switching taking on our ability to think clearly, work effectively and function as healthy human beings?
F. Over the past five years, psychologists, efficiency experts and information-technology researchers have begun to explore these questions in detail.

What was been the role of the state government in implemeting the reforms?

Directions: Read the following passage carefully and answer the given question. 

Amartya Sen wrote about the Indian tradition of skepticism and heterodoxy of opinion that led to high levels of intellectual argument. The power sector in India is a victim of this tradition at its worst. Instead of forcefully communicating, supporting and honestly and firmly implementing policies, people just debate them. It is argued that central undertakings produce power at lower tariffs and must therefore, build most of the required extra capacities. This is a delusion. They no longer have access to low-cost government funds.

Uncertainty about payment remains a reason for the hesitation of private investment. They had to sell only to SEBs (State Electricity Boards). SEB balance sheets are cleaner after the “securitisation” of the Rs. 40,000 crore or so owed by SEBs to central government undertakings, now shown as debt instruments. But, state governments have not implemented agreed plans to ensure repayment when due. The current annual losses of around Rs. 28,000 crore make repayment highly uncertain. The central undertakings that are their main suppliers have payment security because the government will come to their help. Private enterprises do not have such assurance and are concerned about payment security, that must be resolved.
                                   
By the late 1990s, improving the SEB finances was recognised as fundamental to power reform. Unbundling SEBs, working under corporate discipline and even privatisation and not vertically integrated state enterprises, are necessary for efficient and financially viable electricity enterprises. Since the government will not distance itself from managing them, privatising is an option. The Delhi model has worked. But, it receives no public support.
                                   
The Electricity Act 2003, the APRDP (Accelerated Power Reform and Development Programme) with its incentives and penalties, and the creation of independent regulatory commissions, were the means to bring about reforms to improve financial viability of power sector. Implementation has been half-hearted and results disappointing. The concurrent nature of electricity in the Constitution impedes power sector improvement. States are more responsive to populist pressures than the central government, and less inclined to take drastic action against electricity thieves.

Captive power would add significantly to capacity. However, captive generation, three years after the Act enabled it, has added little to capacity because rules for open access were delayed. Redefined captive generation avoids state vetoes on purchase or sale of electricity except to state electricity enterprises. Mandating open access on state-owned wires to power regardless of ownership and customer would encourage electricity trading. The Act recognised electricity trading as a separate activity. A surcharge on transmission charges will pay for cross-subsidies. These were to be eliminated in time. Rules for open access and quantucom of surcharge by each state commission (under broad principles defined by the central commission) have yet to be announced by some. The few who have announced the surcharge have kept it so high that no trading can take place.

Directions: Identify the part having an error. If no part has an error, mark (5).

Directions: Select the numbered part that bears an error of grammar or diction. If there is no error, mark (5).

He is not such (1)/ a good man (2)/ who can help (3)/ anyone. (4)/ No error (5)

Directions: Fill in the blank with the most appropriate from the given options.

Haemoglobin facilitates metabolism among living organisms as it helps the constituent body cells _____ more of oxygen.

Directions: Identify the part having an error. If no part has an error, mark (5) as the answer.

Find out the appropriate words and fill blank (x).

Directions: In the following passage, there are blanks, each of which has been numbered.

Regulatory commissions must be __(i)__ but also be accountable to some authority. The packing of regulatory commissions with retired or retiring government employees has skewed membership to __(ii)__ men with administrative experience but __(iii)__ management skills. Nor __(iv)__ there a managerial mindset in state electricity enterprises. Governments have done nothing to correct this.
The electricity system in India is today a heavy __(v)__ on society, on state government finances and an __(vi)__ to growth and social justice. __(vii)__ of perennial debates and reversals, the government must keep reiterating policies and aggressively __(viii)__ them. Electricity Regulatory Commissions (ERCs) along with central and state governments must __(ix)__ support and implement the Act, effectively monitor the policies, __(x)__ stronger incentives and penalties to make State Electricity Boards (SEBs) more enterprising and professional.

Find out the appropriate words and fill blank (viii).

Directions: In the following passage, there are blanks, each of which has been numbered.

Regulatory commissions must be __(i)__ but also be accountable to some authority. The packing of regulatory commissions with retired or retiring government employees has skewed membership to __(ii)__ men with administrative experience but __(iii)__ management skills. Nor __(iv)__ there a managerial mindset in state electricity enterprises. Governments have done nothing to correct this.
The electricity system in India is today a heavy __(v)__ on society, on state government finances and an __(vi)__ to growth and social justice. __(vii)__ of perennial debates and reversals, the government must keep reiterating policies and aggressively __(viii)__ them. Electricity Regulatory Commissions (ERCs) along with central and state governments must __(ix)__ support and implement the Act, effectively monitor the policies, __(x)__ stronger incentives and penalties to make State Electricity Boards (SEBs) more enterprising and professional.

Find out the appropriate words and fill blank (ix).

Directions: In the following passage, there are blanks, each of which has been numbered.

Regulatory commissions must be __(i)__ but also be accountable to some authority. The packing of regulatory commissions with retired or retiring government employees has skewed membership to __(ii)__ men with administrative experience but __(iii)__ management skills. Nor __(iv)__ there a managerial mindset in state electricity enterprises. Governments have done nothing to correct this.
The electricity system in India is today a heavy __(v)__ on society, on state government finances and an __(vi)__ to growth and social justice. __(vii)__ of perennial debates and reversals, the government must keep reiterating policies and aggressively __(viii)__ them. Electricity Regulatory Commissions (ERCs) along with central and state governments must __(ix)__ support and implement the Act, effectively monitor the policies, __(x)__ stronger incentives and penalties to make State Electricity Boards (SEBs) more enterprising and professional.

Find out the appropriate words and fill blank (iv).

Directions: In the following passage, there are blanks, each of which has been numbered.

Regulatory commissions must be __(i)__ but also be accountable to some authority. The packing of regulatory commissions with retired or retiring government employees has skewed membership to __(ii)__ men with administrative experience but __(iii)__ management skills. Nor __(iv)__ there a managerial mindset in state electricity enterprises. Governments have done nothing to correct this.
The electricity system in India is today a heavy __(v)__ on society, on state government finances and an __(vi)__ to growth and social justice. __(vii)__ of perennial debates and reversals, the government must keep reiterating policies and aggressively __(viii)__ them. Electricity Regulatory Commissions (ERCs) along with central and state governments must __(ix)__ support and implement the Act, effectively monitor the policies, __(x)__ stronger incentives and penalties to make State Electricity Boards (SEBs) more enterprising and professional.

Find out the appropriate words and fill blank (v).

Directions: In the following passage, there are blanks, each of which has been numbered.

Regulatory commissions must be __(i)__ but also be accountable to some authority. The packing of regulatory commissions with retired or retiring government employees has skewed membership to __(ii)__ men with administrative experience but __(iii)__ management skills. Nor __(iv)__ there a managerial mindset in state electricity enterprises. Governments have done nothing to correct this.
The electricity system in India is today a heavy __(v)__ on society, on state government finances and an __(vi)__ to growth and social justice. __(vii)__ of perennial debates and reversals, the government must keep reiterating policies and aggressively __(viii)__ them. Electricity Regulatory Commissions (ERCs) along with central and state governments must __(ix)__ support and implement the Act, effectively monitor the policies, __(x)__ stronger incentives and penalties to make State Electricity Boards (SEBs) more enterprising and professional.

Find out the appropriate words and fill blank (vii).

Directions: In the following passage, there are blanks, each of which has been numbered.

Regulatory commissions must be __(i)__ but also be accountable to some authority. The packing of regulatory commissions with retired or retiring government employees has skewed membership to __(ii)__ men with administrative experience but __(iii)__ management skills. Nor __(iv)__ there a managerial mindset in state electricity enterprises. Governments have done nothing to correct this.
The electricity system in India is today a heavy __(v)__ on society, on state government finances and an __(vi)__ to growth and social justice. __(vii)__ of perennial debates and reversals, the government must keep reiterating policies and aggressively __(viii)__ them. Electricity Regulatory Commissions (ERCs) along with central and state governments must __(ix)__ support and implement the Act, effectively monitor the policies, __(x)__ stronger incentives and penalties to make State Electricity Boards (SEBs) more enterprising and professional.

Find out the appropriate words and fill blank (iii).

Directions: In the following passage, there are blanks, each of which has been numbered.

Regulatory commissions must be __(i)__ but also be accountable to some authority. The packing of regulatory commissions with retired or retiring government employees has skewed membership to __(ii)__ men with administrative experience but __(iii)__ management skills. Nor __(iv)__ there a managerial mindset in state electricity enterprises. Governments have done nothing to correct this.
The electricity system in India is today a heavy __(v)__ on society, on state government finances and an __(vi)__ to growth and social justice. __(vii)__ of perennial debates and reversals, the government must keep reiterating policies and aggressively __(viii)__ them. Electricity Regulatory Commissions (ERCs) along with central and state governments must __(ix)__ support and implement the Act, effectively monitor the policies, __(x)__ stronger incentives and penalties to make State Electricity Boards (SEBs) more enterprising and professional.

Find out the appropriate words and fill blank (ii).

Directions: In the following passage, there are blanks, each of which has been numbered.

Regulatory commissions must be __(i)__ but also be accountable to some authority. The packing of regulatory commissions with retired or retiring government employees has skewed membership to __(ii)__ men with administrative experience but __(iii)__ management skills. Nor __(iv)__ there a managerial mindset in state electricity enterprises. Governments have done nothing to correct this.
The electricity system in India is today a heavy __(v)__ on society, on state government finances and an __(vi)__ to growth and social justice. __(vii)__ of perennial debates and reversals, the government must keep reiterating policies and aggressively __(viii)__ them. Electricity Regulatory Commissions (ERCs) along with central and state governments must __(ix)__ support and implement the Act, effectively monitor the policies, __(x)__ stronger incentives and penalties to make State Electricity Boards (SEBs) more enterprising and professional.

Find out the appropriate words and fill blank (i).

Directions: In the following passage, there are blanks, each of which has been numbered.

Regulatory commissions must be __(i)__ but also be accountable to some authority. The packing of regulatory commissions with retired or retiring government employees has skewed membership to __(ii)__ men with administrative experience but __(iii)__ management skills. Nor __(iv)__ there a managerial mindset in state electricity enterprises. Governments have done nothing to correct this.
The electricity system in India is today a heavy __(v)__ on society, on state government finances and an __(vi)__ to growth and social justice. __(vii)__ of perennial debates and reversals, the government must keep reiterating policies and aggressively __(viii)__ them. Electricity Regulatory Commissions (ERCs) along with central and state governments must __(ix)__ support and implement the Act, effectively monitor the policies, __(x)__ stronger incentives and penalties to make State Electricity Boards (SEBs) more enterprising and professional.

Find out the appropriate words and fill blank (vi).

Directions: In the following passage, there are blanks, each of which has been numbered.

Regulatory commissions must be __(i)__ but also be accountable to some authority. The packing of regulatory commissions with retired or retiring government employees has skewed membership to __(ii)__ men with administrative experience but __(iii)__ management skills. Nor __(iv)__ there a managerial mindset in state electricity enterprises. Governments have done nothing to correct this.
The electricity system in India is today a heavy __(v)__ on society, on state government finances and an __(vi)__ to growth and social justice. __(vii)__ of perennial debates and reversals, the government must keep reiterating policies and aggressively __(viii)__ them. Electricity Regulatory Commissions (ERCs) along with central and state governments must __(ix)__ support and implement the Act, effectively monitor the policies, __(x)__ stronger incentives and penalties to make State Electricity Boards (SEBs) more enterprising and professional.

Average Economic growth of breakaway Soviet Republics is about 6% at present.

Direction: Below is given a passage followed by several possible inferences which can be drawn from the facts state in the passage. You have to examine each inference separately in the context of the passage and decide upon its degree of truth or falsity.

Mark answer (1)    if the inference is “definitely true” i.e. it properly follows from the statement of facts given.
Mark answer (2)    if the inference is “probably true” though not “definitely true” in the light of the facts given.
Mark answer (3)    if the data are inadequate i.e. from the facts given you cannot say whether the inference is likely to be true or false.
Mark answer (4)           if the inference is “probably false” though not “definitely false” in the light of the facts                                 given.
Mark answer (5)    if the inference is “definitely false” i.e. it cannot possibly be drawn from the facts given or it contradicts the given facts.

Sub-Saharan Africa whose GDP grew at less than 3% a year through entire 1990s, grew a 5.1% in 2004 and at 5.2% in 2005 and is projected to grow at 5.6% in the fiscal year ending 2006. In other words, India is growing about 1.5% a year faster than Sub-Saharan Africa, If India is merely doing somewhat better than the worst performing region in the world, there is no reason to get euphoric, Why is the world economy faring so well that even the worst historical performers are suddenly looking good ? Africans and the fragments of the former Soviet Union are patting themselves on the back for reforming and becoming so efficient. The world economy has hit a golden patch, and a rising global tide has lifted all boats, even the most pitiful ones. India has benefited from the rising tide like all others. But it is illusory to think that our policies and projects will always keep improving.