By the time a firm reaches growth phase  it has to select a segment, as only focused competitors emerge successfully. Hence, it is the right answer.

Profits decline at later stage in case of growth phase.Hence, it is the right answer.

Since customers become aware of the product, there is increased sale which attracts more competition. Therefore, differentiation of product is required to maintain and expand the market. Hence, it is the right answer.

The company's strategic objective to find a small market segment and to achieve dominance in that is usually achieved in the case of a problem child.  In this case the market growth is very high but the relative market share is low and maximum expenditure is being incurred in achieving high market share. Hence, it is the right answer.

“Adaptable” criteria of selecting a brand element is defensive in nature as it helps in preserving the brand equity in the face of various problems and constraints. Hence,this is the right answer.

A brand line consists of category extension and line extension. Hence, it is the right answer.

High market growth rate and low relative market share is a characteristic trait of a problem child. Hence,this is the right answer.

Option d) is the right answer as the answer is all of the above.

Brand resonance is defined as the  nature of relationship that customers have with the brand and the extent to which the customers feel in sync with the brand. Hence,this is the right answer.

In case of a star there are high earnings and high expenditure hence the cashflow is balanced out. Hence, it is the right answer.

In this case Lifebuoy represents the parent brand that is the existing brand that gives birth to a brand extension. Hence, it is the right answer.

Marlboro differentiates its product on the basis of image, i.e. it portrays its brand image as cow boy image. Hence, it is the right answer.

A pharmaceutical company gives a push to its new drug aggressively and later when the sales start declining in the sales cycle it gives it another push due to which a cycle of lesser magnitude starts of. Hence, it is the right answer.

Sales of kitchen appliances show growth slump and maturity pattern as their sales grow rapidly when introduced, then it falls to a petrified level and then it is sustained by late adopters buying the product for the first time and the early adopters that replace the product. Hence, it is the right answer.

Fashion is a currently accepted or popular style in a given field. However the length of a fashion cycle is hard to predict. It can be long or short. Hence, it is a  wrong answer.

The advertising strategy of stressing brand differences and benefits is followed in case of maturity phase. Hence, it is the right answer.

Market fragmentation or specific segments of market are formed in case of the maturity phase of market evolution. Hence, it is the right answer.

To offer product extensions, service and warranty, is the product strategy carried out in case of growth phase. Hence, it is the right answer.

The distribution strategy of building selective distribution is followed in introduction phase. Hence, it is the right answer.

Divesting of business should be carried out fast if the following strategy is followed. Hence, it is the right answer.

Market consolidation takes place after market fragmentation due to emergence of some strong appeal. Hence, it is the right answer.

Differentiation and relevance combine to form brand strength. Hence, this is the right answer.

The criteria of lowering the prices specially for price sensitive consumers is carried out in case of the growth phase. Hence, it is the right answer.

The example given above belongs to brand revitalization as it defines how the brand image was changed with the changing taste of consumer. Hence, it is the right answer.

The following example is of low -end entry level brand role in which a relatively low priced brand in the brand portfolio is able to attract consumers to the brand franchise and later the customers can be traded up to a higher priced brand. Hence, it is the right answer.