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Biogeochemical Cycles - 1

Description: Biogeochemical Cycles - 1
Number of Questions: 15
Created by:
Tags: Biogeochemical Cycles - 1 Water Cycle Nitrogen Cycle Carbon Cycle Oxygen cycle The Greenhouse Effect and Ozone Depletion
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Which of the following play(s) the role of nitrogen fixation in nitrogen cycle?

  1. Azotobacter

  2. Fungi

  3. Nitrosomonas

  4. Pseudomonas

  5. Nitrobacter


Correct Option: A
Explanation:

This is the correct option as azotobacter plays the role of nitrogen fixation in nitrogen cycle.

Which of the following play(s) the role of conversion of nitrate salts into free nitrogen gas in nitrogen cycle?

  1. Rhizobium

  2. Pseudomonas

  3. Nitrosomonas

  4. Azotobacter

  5. Fungi


Correct Option: B
Explanation:

Pseudomonas converts nitrate salts into free nitrogen gas in nitrogen cycle. This process is known as denitrification.

The three forms of water can be seen in the water cycle. In which of the following parts can one see the solid form of water?

  1. Lakes

  2. Poles of the earth

  3. Under the earth

  4. Air

  5. Oceans


Correct Option: B
Explanation:

Yes, it is correct. The solid form of water means snow, glaciers and ice. This can be seen on the hills and the highest of mountains, which are present at the poles.

Which of the following processes in water cycle takes place in the atmosphere, and not on the earth's surface?

  1. Precipitation

  2. Evaporation

  3. Draining

  4. Condensation

  5. Transpiration


Correct Option: D
Explanation:

Yes, it is correct as water vapour in the atmosphere condenses to form clouds. It takes place in the atmosphere and not on the land.

Which of the following is/are the harmful effect(s) of ozone depletion on human beings, animals, plants and environment?

  1. Skin cancer

  2. Damage to the eyes

  3. Increased embryonic mortality in animals and humans

  4. Smog formation

  5. All of the above


Correct Option: D
Explanation:

This is the correct option as all of the above are the harmful effects of ozone depletion on human beings, animals, plants and environment. This is the correct option as all of the above are harmful effects of ozone depletion on human beings, animals, plants and environment.

Which of the following play(s) the role of nitrification in nitrogen cycle?

  1. Fungi

  2. Pseudomonas

  3. Rhizobium

  4. Nitrosomonas

  5. Azotobacter


Correct Option: D
Explanation:

This is the correct option as nitrosomonas play the role of nitrification in the nitrogen cycle, i.e. convert ammonia into nitrites and then into nitrates.

Which of the following steps is involved in carbon cycle?

  1. Photosynthesis

  2. Transpiration

  3. Evaporation

  4. Ammonification

  5. Nitrification


Correct Option: A
Explanation:

Carbon gets included into the life-forms through the basic process of photosynthesis that takes place in the presence of sunlight.

Consider the following:

  1. Photosynthesis
  2. Respiration
  3. Decay of organic matter
  4. Volcanic action

Which of the above add carbon dioxide to the carbon cycle on Earth?

  1. 1 and 4

  2. 2 and 3

  3. 2, 3 and 4

  4. 1, 2, 3 and 4


Correct Option: C
Explanation:

Carbon is released into the atmosphere in several ways such as: Respiration, Decay of animal and plant matter, Burning of fossil fuels such as coal, petroleum products and natural gas, Production of cement, Volcanic eruptions and Metamorphism. Volcanic gases are primarily water vapour, carbon dioxide and sulphur dioxide, etc.  Photosynthesis is a chemical process that converts carbon dioxide into organic compounds, especially sugars, using the energy from sunlight.

Which of the following processes slows down in the presence of oxygen?

  1. Nitrogen fixation in root nodules of legumes

  2. Respiration in human beings

  3. Burning of fossil fuels

  4. Formation of ozone


Correct Option: A
Explanation:

Oxygen is necessary for every form of life and processes which they perform. But, some forms of life, especially bacteria, are poisoned by elemental oxygen. For example, the process of nitrogen fixation by nitrogen-fixing bacteria also takes place in the absence of oxygen and slows down in the presence of oxygen.

Which of the following statements is incorrect about oxygen?

  1. It is one of the major constituents of air.

  2. It is non-poisonous for anaerobic organisms.

  3. It is an essential component of nucleic acids and lipids.

  4. It is found as oxides of silicon in the earth's crust.


Correct Option: B
Explanation:

Oxygen is poisonous for anaerobic organisms as they work in the absence of oxygen.

Which of the following is a useful application of greenhouse effect?

  1. The level of seawater rises and submerges islands.

  2. The temperature of the earth increases.

  3. The polar ice caps melt.

  4. Plants and vegetables can be grown in specially designed glass houses.

  5. Carbon dioxide level in the air increases.


Correct Option: D
Explanation:

This is the only advantageous application of greenhouse effect.

Which of the following statements is true?

  1. Ozone is a monoatomic form of oxygen.

  2. Ozone is a poisonous gas.

  3. Ozone is present in the lower atmosphere.

  4. Ozone reflects the sun rays.


Correct Option: B
Explanation:

 Ozone is a potent respiratory hazard and pollutant near ground level. The ozone layer (a portion of the stratosphere with a higher concentration of ozone, from two to eight ppm) is beneficial, preventing damaging ultraviolet light from reaching the Earth's surface, to the benefit of both plants and animals.  

Oxygen is returned to the atmosphere through

  1. combustion

  2. respiration

  3. photosynthesis

  4. oxidation


Correct Option: C
Explanation:

Oxygen from the atmosphere is used up in three processes, namely combustion, respiration and in the formation of oxides of nitrogen. Oxygen is returned to the atmosphere in only one major process, i.e. photosynthesis. 

Match the following:

 
a. The process of releasing surplus water into the air by plants 1. Evaporation
b. The process of changing of water into vapours 2. Water cycle
c. The process of changing of water vapours into water 3. Transpiration
d. The process of transfer of water from oceans to atmosphere and back to oceans 4. Condensation
  1. a – 3, b – 1, c – 4, d – 2

  2. a – 3, b – 1, c – 2, d – 4

  3. a – 1, b – 3, c – 4, d – 2

  4. a – 2, b – 1, c – 4, d – 3


Correct Option: A
Explanation:

The process of releasing surplus water into the air by plants is called transpiration. The process of changing of water into its vapours is called evaporation, while changing of water vapours into water is called condensation. The journey of water from oceans to atmosphere and back to oceans is called water cycle.

In what form is carbon available as ‘carbonates’ in water?

  1. Coal

  2. Petroleum

  3. Limestone

  4. Protoplasm


Correct Option: C
Explanation:

Limestone is a form of carbon and is present in oceans and seas.

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