Directions: Out of the four alternatives suggested, select the one that best converts the given sentence into passive or active voice.

He was not carried away by success.

Directions: Out of the four alternatives suggested, select the one that best converts the given sentence into passive or active voice.

Nobel hired a boat.

Directions: Out of the four alternatives suggested, select the one that best converts the given sentence into passive or active voice.

I know him.

Directions: Out of the four alternatives suggested, select the one that best converts the given sentence into passive or active voice.

You must look into this matter.

Directions: Out of the four alternatives suggested, select the one that best converts the given sentence into passive or active voice.

It has overwhelmed me.

Directions: Out of the four alternatives suggested, select the one that best converts the given sentence into passive or active voice.

Who can bell the cat?

Directions: Out of the four alternatives suggested, select the one that best converts the given sentence into passive or active voice.

You have kept the rule, but broken the spirit.

Directions: Out of the four alternatives suggested, select the one that best converts the given sentence into passive or active voice.

Many persons went to see the hanging of the patriot.

Directions: Out of the four alternatives suggested, select the one that best converts the given sentence into passive or active voice.

I admired the ends of the pews and the choir stalls.

Directions: Out of the four alternatives suggested, select the one that best converts the given sentence into passive or active voice.

Who teaches you English?

Directions: Some parts of the sentence are underlined. One of the parts may have an error. Find out which part of the sentence has an error. Your answer is (4) if there is no error.

You dare not (1)/ to challenge her (2)/ in this game. (3)/ No error (4)

Directions: Change the narration.

He said to him, ''May I make you a suit?''

Directions: Select the correct change of narration.

''Please do not go away'', she said.

Directions: Change the narration.

Bill said, ''God helps those who help themselves.''

Directions: Change the narration.

Sachin said, ''Bravo! Dravid, you have done well.''

Directions: Change the narration.

He said, “I must go next week.”

Directions: Change the narration.

The girl is saying, ''Fire! Fire! Save me.''

Directions: Change the narration.

He said to her, “Where do you live?”

Directions: Change the narration.

My friend said, “Alas! my cousin has lost his mother.”

Directions: Change the narration.

He said to me, “May you live long!”

Directions: Some parts of the sentence are underlined. One of the parts may have an error. Find out which part of the sentence has an error. Your answer is (4) if there is no error.

I will surely see you (1)/ when I will (2)/ visit your city. (3)/ No error (4)

Directions: Some parts of the sentence are underlined. One of the parts may have an error. Find out which part of the sentence has an error. Your answer is (4) if there is no error.

Raju, as well as (1)/ Tanya, want to (2)/ go to the party. (3)/ No error (4)

Directions: Some parts of the sentence are underlined. One of the parts may have an error. Find out which part of the sentence has an error. Your answer is (4) if there is no error.

Instead of (1)/ his busy life (2)/ he retains freshness. (3)/ No error (4)

Directions: Some parts of the sentence are underlined. One of the parts may have an error. Find out which part of the sentence has an error. Your answer is (4) if there is no error.

Why did (1)/ you stop (2)/ from going there? (3)/ No error (4)

Directions: Some parts of the sentence are underlined. One of the parts may have an error. Find out which part of the sentence has an error. Your answer is (4) if there is no error.

I think, we should try something else (1)/ as none of the two options (2)/ worked for us. (3)/ No error (4)

Directions: Some parts of the sentence are underlined. One of the parts may have an error. Find out which part of the sentence has an error. Your answer is (4) if there is no error.

From that day, (1)/ I have refrained (2)/ to go there. (3)/ No error (4)

Directions: Some parts of the sentence are underlined. One of the parts may have an error. Find out which part of the sentence has an error. Your answer is (4) if there is no error.

Do you have (1)/ any plan better (2)/ than this one. (3) No error (4)

Directions: Some parts of the sentence are underlined. One of the parts may have an error. Find out which part of the sentence has an error. Your answer is (4) if there is no error.

African elephants (1)/ are bigger (2)/ than India. (3)/ No error (4)

Directions: Some parts of the sentence are underlined. One of the parts may have an error. Find out which part of the sentence has an error. Your answer is (4) if there is no error.

The kids played (1)/ until it (2)/ did not get dark. (3)/ No error (4)

Directions: The sentence below has a blank that needs to be filled with appropriate word(s). Four alternatives are suggested. Choose the correct alternative.

He has __________ during the last five years.

Directions: The sentence below has a blank that needs to be filled with appropriate word(s). Four alternatives are suggested. Choose the correct alternative.

‘The fire looks very serious’, said a young soldier, “but I wonder why they _________ everyone to leave the building”.

Directions: The sentence below has a blank that needs to be filled with appropriate word(s). Four alternatives are suggested. Choose the correct alternative.

It is __________ that India did something about the population problem.

Directions: The sentence below has a blank that needs to be filled with appropriate word(s). Four alternatives are suggested. Choose the correct alternative.

Every politician has greed _______ power.

Directions: Choose the alternative which best expresses the meaning of the given word.

MYOPIC

Directions: Choose the alternative which best expresses the meaning of the given word.

SOMNAMBULISM

Directions: The sentence below has a blank that needs to be filled with appropriate word(s). Four alternatives are suggested. Choose the correct alternative.

I ___________ money on my European tour.

Directions: Choose the alternative which best expresses the meaning of the given word.

ABROGATE

Directions: Choose the alternative which best expresses the meaning of the given word.

SINGE

Directions: Choose the alternative which best expresses the meaning of the given word.

QUACK

Directions: Choose the alternative most opposite in meaning to the given word.

BREVITY

Directions: Choose the alternative most opposite in meaning to the given word.

ABSOLUTE

Directions: Choose the alternative most opposite in meaning to the given word.

VOCIFEROUS

Directions: Choose the alternative most opposite in meaning to the given word.

OBDURATE

Directions: Choose the alternative that best describes the meaning of the given idiom/phrase.

To be under cloud

Directions: Choose the alternative that best describes the meaning of the given idiom/phrase.

To hang in the balance

Directions: Choose the alternative most opposite in meaning to the given word.

ABSTAIN

Directions: Choose the alternative that best describes the meaning of the given idiom/phrase.

To run short

Directions: Choose the alternative that best describes the meaning of the given idiom/phrase.

To play second fiddle

Directions: A part of the sentence is printed in bold. Out of the alternatives given underneath, choose the one that best improves the underlined part. In case no improvement is needed, your answer is (4).

I am certain that none of these two books is useful to the students of 8^th standard.

Directions: A part of the sentence is printed in bold. Out of the alternatives given underneath, choose the one that best improves the underlined part. In case no improvement is needed, your answer is (4).

He was not able to give a satisfactory explanation for his absence.

Directions: A part of the sentence is printed in bold. Out of the alternatives given underneath, choose the one that best improves the underlined part. In case no improvement is needed, your answer is (4).

The ultimate decision rests upon the board of directors.

Directions: A part of the sentence is printed in bold. Out of the alternatives given underneath, choose the one that best improves the underlined part. In case no improvement is needed, your answer is (4).

You ought to helped him, but you didn’t.

Directions: A part of the sentence is printed in bold. Out of the alternatives given underneath, choose the one that best improves the underlined part. In case no improvement is needed, your answer is (4).

She is doing the same task every morning for many years.

Directions: A part of the sentence is printed in bold. Out of the alternatives given underneath, choose the one that best improves the underlined part. In case no improvement is needed, your answer is (4).

My finger is still wounded where I caught it tight in the door yesterday.

Directions: A part of the sentence is printed in bold. Out of the alternatives given underneath, choose the one that best improves the underlined part. In case no improvement is needed, your answer is (4).

She is complaining about the job since the day she joined.

Directions: The first and last parts of a sentence are numbered 1 and 6. The rest is split into four parts and labelled: P, Q, R and S. These four parts are not given in their proper order. Read the sentence and find out which of the four combinations is correct.

1. Hydraulic fuel P. which becomes extremely hot during landing, Q. which caused R. had leaked on the 'wheel well area' S. causing smoke and fire
2. the plane to land in an emergency

Directions: The first and last parts of a sentence are numbered 1 and 6. The rest is split into four parts and labelled: P, Q, R and S. These four parts are not given in their proper order. Read the sentence and find out which of the four combinations is correct.

1. The freelance journalist P. have been Q. in Spain last December R. was last seen S. and was believed to
2. captured by the militants

Directions: The first and last parts of a sentence are numbered 1 and 6. The rest is split into four parts and labelled: P, Q, R and S. These four parts are not given in their proper order. Read the sentence and find out which of the four combinations is correct.

1. An evergreen forest is P. consisting entirely of Q. evergreen trees that R. retain green foliage S. a forest
2. all year round

Directions: A part of the sentence is printed in bold. Out of the alternatives given underneath, choose the one that best improves the underlined part. In case no improvement is needed, your answer is (4).

By the time you reach the station, the train will leave.

Directions: The first and last parts of a sentence are numbered 1 and 6. The rest is split into four parts and labelled: P, Q, R and S. These four parts are not given in their proper order. Read the sentence and find out which of the four combinations is correct.

1. The parents P. in spite of Q. French to their twins R. being in France S. were unable to teach
2. for seven years

Directions: A part of the sentence is printed in bold. Out of the alternatives given underneath, choose the one that best improves the underlined part. In case no improvement is needed, your answer is (4).

He looked at his watch again and again as it was getting late.

Directions: A part of the sentence is printed in bold. Out of the alternatives given underneath, choose the one that best improves the underlined part. In case no improvement is needed, your answer is (4).

My father always knew that I will marry my childhood friend.

Directions: The first and last parts of a sentence are numbered 1 and 6. The rest is split into four parts and labelled: P, Q, R and S. These four parts are not given in their proper order. Read the sentence and find out which of the four combinations is correct.

1. The fabric P. of my dress Q. I cannot wait R. that S. is so itchy
2. to take it off

Directions: Choose the alternative that best describes the meaning of the given idiom/phrase.

To pull one's leg

Directions: Choose the option that converts the given statement into indirect speech.

"Has it been raining all night?", Grandma said to Sunil.

Fill blank (vi).

Directions: The following paragraph has some blanks, each of which has been numbered.

Lotus, botanically known as Nelumbo nucifera, is the __(i)__ flower of India. The most __(ii)__ thing about lotus is that even though it __(iii)__ in murky water, it is __(iv)__ by its impurity. The lotus flower is __(v)__ into two types: the red lotus flower and the white lotus flower. In India, the sacred lotus is legendary and religious mythology is __(vi)__ around it. On the other hand, the lotus __(vii)__ purity of heart and mind. It is basically an aquatic plant with wide floating leaves and __(viii)__ aromatic flowers which grow only in shallow waters. The best thing about lotus is that it is __(ix)__ and has many curative properties. The lotus flower symbolises divinity, fertility, wealth and knowledge, i.e. __(x)__ . It is also regarded as a symbol of triumph.

Fill blank (i).

Directions: The following paragraph has some blanks, each of which has been numbered.

The Indian flag, the __(i)__ tricolour is a pride for all Indians. The flag was __(ii)__ flown and__(iii)__ as the Indian National Flag in Hamburg in 1942, but was __(iv)__ declared the flag of the Indian dominion on 15th August 1947. It is __(v)__ equally in three colours, saffron on the top, white in the __(vi)__ and green at the bottom. In the centre of the white band, there is a __(vii)__ in navy blue to indicate the Dharma Chakra. The Chakra has 24 spokes, which show that there is life in __(viii)__ and death in __(ix)__. The saffron colour stands for courage, sacrifice and the spirit of renunciation. The white in the centre is light, the path of truth to guide our conduct. The green colour at the bottom stands for __(x)__ and our relation to the plant life on which all other lives depend.

Fill blank (v).

Directions: The following paragraph has some blanks, each of which has been numbered.

The Indian flag, the __(i)__ tricolour is a pride for all Indians. The flag was __(ii)__ flown and__(iii)__ as the Indian National Flag in Hamburg in 1942, but was __(iv)__ declared the flag of the Indian dominion on 15th August 1947. It is __(v)__ equally in three colours, saffron on the top, white in the __(vi)__ and green at the bottom. In the centre of the white band, there is a __(vii)__ in navy blue to indicate the Dharma Chakra. The Chakra has 24 spokes, which show that there is life in __(viii)__ and death in __(ix)__. The saffron colour stands for courage, sacrifice and the spirit of renunciation. The white in the centre is light, the path of truth to guide our conduct. The green colour at the bottom stands for __(x)__ and our relation to the plant life on which all other lives depend.

Fill blank (ii).

Directions: The following paragraph has some blanks, each of which has been numbered.

The Indian flag, the __(i)__ tricolour is a pride for all Indians. The flag was __(ii)__ flown and__(iii)__ as the Indian National Flag in Hamburg in 1942, but was __(iv)__ declared the flag of the Indian dominion on 15th August 1947. It is __(v)__ equally in three colours, saffron on the top, white in the __(vi)__ and green at the bottom. In the centre of the white band, there is a __(vii)__ in navy blue to indicate the Dharma Chakra. The Chakra has 24 spokes, which show that there is life in __(viii)__ and death in __(ix)__. The saffron colour stands for courage, sacrifice and the spirit of renunciation. The white in the centre is light, the path of truth to guide our conduct. The green colour at the bottom stands for __(x)__ and our relation to the plant life on which all other lives depend.

Fill blank (iii).

Directions: The following paragraph has some blanks, each of which has been numbered.

Lotus, botanically known as Nelumbo nucifera, is the __(i)__ flower of India. The most __(ii)__ thing about lotus is that even though it __(iii)__ in murky water, it is __(iv)__ by its impurity. The lotus flower is __(v)__ into two types: the red lotus flower and the white lotus flower. In India, the sacred lotus is legendary and religious mythology is __(vi)__ around it. On the other hand, the lotus __(vii)__ purity of heart and mind. It is basically an aquatic plant with wide floating leaves and __(viii)__ aromatic flowers which grow only in shallow waters. The best thing about lotus is that it is __(ix)__ and has many curative properties. The lotus flower symbolises divinity, fertility, wealth and knowledge, i.e. __(x)__ . It is also regarded as a symbol of triumph.

Fill blank (viii).

Directions: The following paragraph has some blanks, each of which has been numbered.

Lotus, botanically known as Nelumbo nucifera, is the __(i)__ flower of India. The most __(ii)__ thing about lotus is that even though it __(iii)__ in murky water, it is __(iv)__ by its impurity. The lotus flower is __(v)__ into two types: the red lotus flower and the white lotus flower. In India, the sacred lotus is legendary and religious mythology is __(vi)__ around it. On the other hand, the lotus __(vii)__ purity of heart and mind. It is basically an aquatic plant with wide floating leaves and __(viii)__ aromatic flowers which grow only in shallow waters. The best thing about lotus is that it is __(ix)__ and has many curative properties. The lotus flower symbolises divinity, fertility, wealth and knowledge, i.e. __(x)__ . It is also regarded as a symbol of triumph.

Fill blank (iv).

Directions: The following paragraph has some blanks, each of which has been numbered.

The Indian flag, the __(i)__ tricolour is a pride for all Indians. The flag was __(ii)__ flown and__(iii)__ as the Indian National Flag in Hamburg in 1942, but was __(iv)__ declared the flag of the Indian dominion on 15th August 1947. It is __(v)__ equally in three colours, saffron on the top, white in the __(vi)__ and green at the bottom. In the centre of the white band, there is a __(vii)__ in navy blue to indicate the Dharma Chakra. The Chakra has 24 spokes, which show that there is life in __(viii)__ and death in __(ix)__. The saffron colour stands for courage, sacrifice and the spirit of renunciation. The white in the centre is light, the path of truth to guide our conduct. The green colour at the bottom stands for __(x)__ and our relation to the plant life on which all other lives depend.

Fill blank (ii).

Directions: The following paragraph has some blanks, each of which has been numbered.

Lotus, botanically known as Nelumbo nucifera, is the __(i)__ flower of India. The most __(ii)__ thing about lotus is that even though it __(iii)__ in murky water, it is __(iv)__ by its impurity. The lotus flower is __(v)__ into two types: the red lotus flower and the white lotus flower. In India, the sacred lotus is legendary and religious mythology is __(vi)__ around it. On the other hand, the lotus __(vii)__ purity of heart and mind. It is basically an aquatic plant with wide floating leaves and __(viii)__ aromatic flowers which grow only in shallow waters. The best thing about lotus is that it is __(ix)__ and has many curative properties. The lotus flower symbolises divinity, fertility, wealth and knowledge, i.e. __(x)__ . It is also regarded as a symbol of triumph.

Fill blank (iii).

Directions: The following paragraph has some blanks, each of which has been numbered.

The Indian flag, the __(i)__ tricolour is a pride for all Indians. The flag was __(ii)__ flown and__(iii)__ as the Indian National Flag in Hamburg in 1942, but was __(iv)__ declared the flag of the Indian dominion on 15th August 1947. It is __(v)__ equally in three colours, saffron on the top, white in the __(vi)__ and green at the bottom. In the centre of the white band, there is a __(vii)__ in navy blue to indicate the Dharma Chakra. The Chakra has 24 spokes, which show that there is life in __(viii)__ and death in __(ix)__. The saffron colour stands for courage, sacrifice and the spirit of renunciation. The white in the centre is light, the path of truth to guide our conduct. The green colour at the bottom stands for __(x)__ and our relation to the plant life on which all other lives depend.

Fill blank (ix).

Directions: The following paragraph has some blanks, each of which has been numbered.

Lotus, botanically known as Nelumbo nucifera, is the __(i)__ flower of India. The most __(ii)__ thing about lotus is that even though it __(iii)__ in murky water, it is __(iv)__ by its impurity. The lotus flower is __(v)__ into two types: the red lotus flower and the white lotus flower. In India, the sacred lotus is legendary and religious mythology is __(vi)__ around it. On the other hand, the lotus __(vii)__ purity of heart and mind. It is basically an aquatic plant with wide floating leaves and __(viii)__ aromatic flowers which grow only in shallow waters. The best thing about lotus is that it is __(ix)__ and has many curative properties. The lotus flower symbolises divinity, fertility, wealth and knowledge, i.e. __(x)__ . It is also regarded as a symbol of triumph.

Fill blank (vii).

Directions: The following paragraph has some blanks, each of which has been numbered.

The Indian flag, the __(i)__ tricolour is a pride for all Indians. The flag was __(ii)__ flown and__(iii)__ as the Indian National Flag in Hamburg in 1942, but was __(iv)__ declared the flag of the Indian dominion on 15th August 1947. It is __(v)__ equally in three colours, saffron on the top, white in the __(vi)__ and green at the bottom. In the centre of the white band, there is a __(vii)__ in navy blue to indicate the Dharma Chakra. The Chakra has 24 spokes, which show that there is life in __(viii)__ and death in __(ix)__. The saffron colour stands for courage, sacrifice and the spirit of renunciation. The white in the centre is light, the path of truth to guide our conduct. The green colour at the bottom stands for __(x)__ and our relation to the plant life on which all other lives depend.

Fill blank (vii).

Directions: The following paragraph has some blanks, each of which has been numbered.

Lotus, botanically known as Nelumbo nucifera, is the __(i)__ flower of India. The most __(ii)__ thing about lotus is that even though it __(iii)__ in murky water, it is __(iv)__ by its impurity. The lotus flower is __(v)__ into two types: the red lotus flower and the white lotus flower. In India, the sacred lotus is legendary and religious mythology is __(vi)__ around it. On the other hand, the lotus __(vii)__ purity of heart and mind. It is basically an aquatic plant with wide floating leaves and __(viii)__ aromatic flowers which grow only in shallow waters. The best thing about lotus is that it is __(ix)__ and has many curative properties. The lotus flower symbolises divinity, fertility, wealth and knowledge, i.e. __(x)__ . It is also regarded as a symbol of triumph.

Fill blank (iv).

Directions: The following paragraph has some blanks, each of which has been numbered.

Lotus, botanically known as Nelumbo nucifera, is the __(i)__ flower of India. The most __(ii)__ thing about lotus is that even though it __(iii)__ in murky water, it is __(iv)__ by its impurity. The lotus flower is __(v)__ into two types: the red lotus flower and the white lotus flower. In India, the sacred lotus is legendary and religious mythology is __(vi)__ around it. On the other hand, the lotus __(vii)__ purity of heart and mind. It is basically an aquatic plant with wide floating leaves and __(viii)__ aromatic flowers which grow only in shallow waters. The best thing about lotus is that it is __(ix)__ and has many curative properties. The lotus flower symbolises divinity, fertility, wealth and knowledge, i.e. __(x)__ . It is also regarded as a symbol of triumph.

Fill blank (x).

Directions: The following paragraph has some blanks, each of which has been numbered.

Lotus, botanically known as Nelumbo nucifera, is the __(i)__ flower of India. The most __(ii)__ thing about lotus is that even though it __(iii)__ in murky water, it is __(iv)__ by its impurity. The lotus flower is __(v)__ into two types: the red lotus flower and the white lotus flower. In India, the sacred lotus is legendary and religious mythology is __(vi)__ around it. On the other hand, the lotus __(vii)__ purity of heart and mind. It is basically an aquatic plant with wide floating leaves and __(viii)__ aromatic flowers which grow only in shallow waters. The best thing about lotus is that it is __(ix)__ and has many curative properties. The lotus flower symbolises divinity, fertility, wealth and knowledge, i.e. __(x)__ . It is also regarded as a symbol of triumph.

Fill blank (i).

Directions: The following paragraph has some blanks, each of which has been numbered.

Lotus, botanically known as Nelumbo nucifera, is the __(i)__ flower of India. The most __(ii)__ thing about lotus is that even though it __(iii)__ in murky water, it is __(iv)__ by its impurity. The lotus flower is __(v)__ into two types: the red lotus flower and the white lotus flower. In India, the sacred lotus is legendary and religious mythology is __(vi)__ around it. On the other hand, the lotus __(vii)__ purity of heart and mind. It is basically an aquatic plant with wide floating leaves and __(viii)__ aromatic flowers which grow only in shallow waters. The best thing about lotus is that it is __(ix)__ and has many curative properties. The lotus flower symbolises divinity, fertility, wealth and knowledge, i.e. __(x)__ . It is also regarded as a symbol of triumph.

Fill blank (vi).

Directions: The following paragraph has some blanks, each of which has been numbered.

The Indian flag, the __(i)__ tricolour is a pride for all Indians. The flag was __(ii)__ flown and__(iii)__ as the Indian National Flag in Hamburg in 1942, but was __(iv)__ declared the flag of the Indian dominion on 15th August 1947. It is __(v)__ equally in three colours, saffron on the top, white in the __(vi)__ and green at the bottom. In the centre of the white band, there is a __(vii)__ in navy blue to indicate the Dharma Chakra. The Chakra has 24 spokes, which show that there is life in __(viii)__ and death in __(ix)__. The saffron colour stands for courage, sacrifice and the spirit of renunciation. The white in the centre is light, the path of truth to guide our conduct. The green colour at the bottom stands for __(x)__ and our relation to the plant life on which all other lives depend.

What was Mahavira called in his childhood?

Directions:  Read the passage and answer the question that follows.

Mahavira, also known as Vardhamana, was the twenty-fourth and last guru of the Jain religion. He was born into a royal family in what is currently the state of Bihar, India. The town of his birth at the time when he was born was markedly prosperous in terms of agriculture, health, wealth and wisdom. It is for this reason that he was named Vardhman by his parents. When he was 30 years old, he left his home in search of spiritual awakening and spent over 12 years practising intense meditation and severe penance. After this period, he achieved enlightenment. He then travelled all over India for the next 30 years, teaching his philosophy, which is based on the concepts of ahimsa, satya, asteya, brahmacharya and aparigraha. He is said to have attained nirvana at the age of 72. He is considered to be the 24th Tirthankara (guru) of Jainism and is regarded as a reformer, rather than a founder of this religion.
While it is unknown exactly that where Mahavira was born, 3 distinct places in Bihar have been identified as possible birthplaces. These include Kundigram in Vaishali district, Lachhuar in Jamui and Kundalpur in Nalanda. Most historians will agree that Basokund was his birthplace, but traditionally, it is considered to be Kundalagrama, which is an ancient city of Vaishali, whose location continues to remain unidentified. According to Jainism, Mahavira was born in the year 540 BCE, which has prompted many historians to consider him to be a contemporary of Gautama Bhudda. According to Jainism, his birth is ascribed to be on the thirteenth day of the rising moon of Chairtra in the Vira Nivana Samvat calendar, which falls in either March or April according to the Gregorian calendar. Mahavira was born into the royal family of King Siddartha of Kudraam and Queen Trishala, whose brother was King Chetaka of Vaishali. In his childhood, he was called Vardhamana, which means “one who grows”. He was named this because of the increased prosperity that was experienced in the kingdom at the time of his birth. Both of his parents are said to be strict followers of Parsva.

Mahavira left home to seek

Directions:  Read the passage and answer the question that follows.

Mahavira, also known as Vardhamana, was the twenty-fourth and last guru of the Jain religion. He was born into a royal family in what is currently the state of Bihar, India. The town of his birth at the time when he was born was markedly prosperous in terms of agriculture, health, wealth and wisdom. It is for this reason that he was named Vardhman by his parents. When he was 30 years old, he left his home in search of spiritual awakening and spent over 12 years practising intense meditation and severe penance. After this period, he achieved enlightenment. He then travelled all over India for the next 30 years, teaching his philosophy, which is based on the concepts of ahimsa, satya, asteya, brahmacharya and aparigraha. He is said to have attained nirvana at the age of 72. He is considered to be the 24th Tirthankara (guru) of Jainism and is regarded as a reformer, rather than a founder of this religion.
While it is unknown exactly that where Mahavira was born, 3 distinct places in Bihar have been identified as possible birthplaces. These include Kundigram in Vaishali district, Lachhuar in Jamui and Kundalpur in Nalanda. Most historians will agree that Basokund was his birthplace, but traditionally, it is considered to be Kundalagrama, which is an ancient city of Vaishali, whose location continues to remain unidentified. According to Jainism, Mahavira was born in the year 540 BCE, which has prompted many historians to consider him to be a contemporary of Gautama Bhudda. According to Jainism, his birth is ascribed to be on the thirteenth day of the rising moon of Chairtra in the Vira Nivana Samvat calendar, which falls in either March or April according to the Gregorian calendar. Mahavira was born into the royal family of King Siddartha of Kudraam and Queen Trishala, whose brother was King Chetaka of Vaishali. In his childhood, he was called Vardhamana, which means “one who grows”. He was named this because of the increased prosperity that was experienced in the kingdom at the time of his birth. Both of his parents are said to be strict followers of Parsva.

Fill blank (v).

Directions: The following paragraph has some blanks, each of which has been numbered.

Lotus, botanically known as Nelumbo nucifera, is the __(i)__ flower of India. The most __(ii)__ thing about lotus is that even though it __(iii)__ in murky water, it is __(iv)__ by its impurity. The lotus flower is __(v)__ into two types: the red lotus flower and the white lotus flower. In India, the sacred lotus is legendary and religious mythology is __(vi)__ around it. On the other hand, the lotus __(vii)__ purity of heart and mind. It is basically an aquatic plant with wide floating leaves and __(viii)__ aromatic flowers which grow only in shallow waters. The best thing about lotus is that it is __(ix)__ and has many curative properties. The lotus flower symbolises divinity, fertility, wealth and knowledge, i.e. __(x)__ . It is also regarded as a symbol of triumph.

Mahavira is considered to be important in

Directions:  Read the passage and answer the question that follows.

Mahavira, also known as Vardhamana, was the twenty-fourth and last guru of the Jain religion. He was born into a royal family in what is currently the state of Bihar, India. The town of his birth at the time when he was born was markedly prosperous in terms of agriculture, health, wealth and wisdom. It is for this reason that he was named Vardhman by his parents. When he was 30 years old, he left his home in search of spiritual awakening and spent over 12 years practising intense meditation and severe penance. After this period, he achieved enlightenment. He then travelled all over India for the next 30 years, teaching his philosophy, which is based on the concepts of ahimsa, satya, asteya, brahmacharya and aparigraha. He is said to have attained nirvana at the age of 72. He is considered to be the 24th Tirthankara (guru) of Jainism and is regarded as a reformer, rather than a founder of this religion.
While it is unknown exactly that where Mahavira was born, 3 distinct places in Bihar have been identified as possible birthplaces. These include Kundigram in Vaishali district, Lachhuar in Jamui and Kundalpur in Nalanda. Most historians will agree that Basokund was his birthplace, but traditionally, it is considered to be Kundalagrama, which is an ancient city of Vaishali, whose location continues to remain unidentified. According to Jainism, Mahavira was born in the year 540 BCE, which has prompted many historians to consider him to be a contemporary of Gautama Bhudda. According to Jainism, his birth is ascribed to be on the thirteenth day of the rising moon of Chairtra in the Vira Nivana Samvat calendar, which falls in either March or April according to the Gregorian calendar. Mahavira was born into the royal family of King Siddartha of Kudraam and Queen Trishala, whose brother was King Chetaka of Vaishali. In his childhood, he was called Vardhamana, which means “one who grows”. He was named this because of the increased prosperity that was experienced in the kingdom at the time of his birth. Both of his parents are said to be strict followers of Parsva.

At the time of Mahavira's birth, his town was prospering in

Directions:  Read the passage and answer the question that follows.

Mahavira, also known as Vardhamana, was the twenty-fourth and last guru of the Jain religion. He was born into a royal family in what is currently the state of Bihar, India. The town of his birth at the time when he was born was markedly prosperous in terms of agriculture, health, wealth and wisdom. It is for this reason that he was named Vardhman by his parents. When he was 30 years old, he left his home in search of spiritual awakening and spent over 12 years practising intense meditation and severe penance. After this period, he achieved enlightenment. He then travelled all over India for the next 30 years, teaching his philosophy, which is based on the concepts of ahimsa, satya, asteya, brahmacharya and aparigraha. He is said to have attained nirvana at the age of 72. He is considered to be the 24th Tirthankara (guru) of Jainism and is regarded as a reformer, rather than a founder of this religion.
While it is unknown exactly that where Mahavira was born, 3 distinct places in Bihar have been identified as possible birthplaces. These include Kundigram in Vaishali district, Lachhuar in Jamui and Kundalpur in Nalanda. Most historians will agree that Basokund was his birthplace, but traditionally, it is considered to be Kundalagrama, which is an ancient city of Vaishali, whose location continues to remain unidentified. According to Jainism, Mahavira was born in the year 540 BCE, which has prompted many historians to consider him to be a contemporary of Gautama Bhudda. According to Jainism, his birth is ascribed to be on the thirteenth day of the rising moon of Chairtra in the Vira Nivana Samvat calendar, which falls in either March or April according to the Gregorian calendar. Mahavira was born into the royal family of King Siddartha of Kudraam and Queen Trishala, whose brother was King Chetaka of Vaishali. In his childhood, he was called Vardhamana, which means “one who grows”. He was named this because of the increased prosperity that was experienced in the kingdom at the time of his birth. Both of his parents are said to be strict followers of Parsva.

How old was Mahavira when he left home to seek spiritual awakening?

Directions:  Read the passage and answer the question that follows.

Mahavira, also known as Vardhamana, was the twenty-fourth and last guru of the Jain religion. He was born into a royal family in what is currently the state of Bihar, India. The town of his birth at the time when he was born was markedly prosperous in terms of agriculture, health, wealth and wisdom. It is for this reason that he was named Vardhman by his parents. When he was 30 years old, he left his home in search of spiritual awakening and spent over 12 years practising intense meditation and severe penance. After this period, he achieved enlightenment. He then travelled all over India for the next 30 years, teaching his philosophy, which is based on the concepts of ahimsa, satya, asteya, brahmacharya and aparigraha. He is said to have attained nirvana at the age of 72. He is considered to be the 24th Tirthankara (guru) of Jainism and is regarded as a reformer, rather than a founder of this religion.
While it is unknown exactly that where Mahavira was born, 3 distinct places in Bihar have been identified as possible birthplaces. These include Kundigram in Vaishali district, Lachhuar in Jamui and Kundalpur in Nalanda. Most historians will agree that Basokund was his birthplace, but traditionally, it is considered to be Kundalagrama, which is an ancient city of Vaishali, whose location continues to remain unidentified. According to Jainism, Mahavira was born in the year 540 BCE, which has prompted many historians to consider him to be a contemporary of Gautama Bhudda. According to Jainism, his birth is ascribed to be on the thirteenth day of the rising moon of Chairtra in the Vira Nivana Samvat calendar, which falls in either March or April according to the Gregorian calendar. Mahavira was born into the royal family of King Siddartha of Kudraam and Queen Trishala, whose brother was King Chetaka of Vaishali. In his childhood, he was called Vardhamana, which means “one who grows”. He was named this because of the increased prosperity that was experienced in the kingdom at the time of his birth. Both of his parents are said to be strict followers of Parsva.

It is believed that Mahavira was born in

Directions:  Read the passage and answer the question that follows.

Mahavira, also known as Vardhamana, was the twenty-fourth and last guru of the Jain religion. He was born into a royal family in what is currently the state of Bihar, India. The town of his birth at the time when he was born was markedly prosperous in terms of agriculture, health, wealth and wisdom. It is for this reason that he was named Vardhman by his parents. When he was 30 years old, he left his home in search of spiritual awakening and spent over 12 years practising intense meditation and severe penance. After this period, he achieved enlightenment. He then travelled all over India for the next 30 years, teaching his philosophy, which is based on the concepts of ahimsa, satya, asteya, brahmacharya and aparigraha. He is said to have attained nirvana at the age of 72. He is considered to be the 24th Tirthankara (guru) of Jainism and is regarded as a reformer, rather than a founder of this religion.
While it is unknown exactly that where Mahavira was born, 3 distinct places in Bihar have been identified as possible birthplaces. These include Kundigram in Vaishali district, Lachhuar in Jamui and Kundalpur in Nalanda. Most historians will agree that Basokund was his birthplace, but traditionally, it is considered to be Kundalagrama, which is an ancient city of Vaishali, whose location continues to remain unidentified. According to Jainism, Mahavira was born in the year 540 BCE, which has prompted many historians to consider him to be a contemporary of Gautama Bhudda. According to Jainism, his birth is ascribed to be on the thirteenth day of the rising moon of Chairtra in the Vira Nivana Samvat calendar, which falls in either March or April according to the Gregorian calendar. Mahavira was born into the royal family of King Siddartha of Kudraam and Queen Trishala, whose brother was King Chetaka of Vaishali. In his childhood, he was called Vardhamana, which means “one who grows”. He was named this because of the increased prosperity that was experienced in the kingdom at the time of his birth. Both of his parents are said to be strict followers of Parsva.

According to the passage, What is Mahavira’s philosophy based on?

Directions:  Read the passage and answer the question that follows.

Mahavira, also known as Vardhamana, was the twenty-fourth and last guru of the Jain religion. He was born into a royal family in what is currently the state of Bihar, India. The town of his birth at the time when he was born was markedly prosperous in terms of agriculture, health, wealth and wisdom. It is for this reason that he was named Vardhman by his parents. When he was 30 years old, he left his home in search of spiritual awakening and spent over 12 years practising intense meditation and severe penance. After this period, he achieved enlightenment. He then travelled all over India for the next 30 years, teaching his philosophy, which is based on the concepts of ahimsa, satya, asteya, brahmacharya and aparigraha. He is said to have attained nirvana at the age of 72. He is considered to be the 24th Tirthankara (guru) of Jainism and is regarded as a reformer, rather than a founder of this religion.
While it is unknown exactly that where Mahavira was born, 3 distinct places in Bihar have been identified as possible birthplaces. These include Kundigram in Vaishali district, Lachhuar in Jamui and Kundalpur in Nalanda. Most historians will agree that Basokund was his birthplace, but traditionally, it is considered to be Kundalagrama, which is an ancient city of Vaishali, whose location continues to remain unidentified. According to Jainism, Mahavira was born in the year 540 BCE, which has prompted many historians to consider him to be a contemporary of Gautama Bhudda. According to Jainism, his birth is ascribed to be on the thirteenth day of the rising moon of Chairtra in the Vira Nivana Samvat calendar, which falls in either March or April according to the Gregorian calendar. Mahavira was born into the royal family of King Siddartha of Kudraam and Queen Trishala, whose brother was King Chetaka of Vaishali. In his childhood, he was called Vardhamana, which means “one who grows”. He was named this because of the increased prosperity that was experienced in the kingdom at the time of his birth. Both of his parents are said to be strict followers of Parsva.

Fill blank (viii).

Directions: The following paragraph has some blanks, each of which has been numbered.

The Indian flag, the __(i)__ tricolour is a pride for all Indians. The flag was __(ii)__ flown and__(iii)__ as the Indian National Flag in Hamburg in 1942, but was __(iv)__ declared the flag of the Indian dominion on 15th August 1947. It is __(v)__ equally in three colours, saffron on the top, white in the __(vi)__ and green at the bottom. In the centre of the white band, there is a __(vii)__ in navy blue to indicate the Dharma Chakra. The Chakra has 24 spokes, which show that there is life in __(viii)__ and death in __(ix)__. The saffron colour stands for courage, sacrifice and the spirit of renunciation. The white in the centre is light, the path of truth to guide our conduct. The green colour at the bottom stands for __(x)__ and our relation to the plant life on which all other lives depend.

Both parents of Mahavira were strict followers of

Directions:  Read the passage and answer the question that follows.

Mahavira, also known as Vardhamana, was the twenty-fourth and last guru of the Jain religion. He was born into a royal family in what is currently the state of Bihar, India. The town of his birth at the time when he was born was markedly prosperous in terms of agriculture, health, wealth and wisdom. It is for this reason that he was named Vardhman by his parents. When he was 30 years old, he left his home in search of spiritual awakening and spent over 12 years practising intense meditation and severe penance. After this period, he achieved enlightenment. He then travelled all over India for the next 30 years, teaching his philosophy, which is based on the concepts of ahimsa, satya, asteya, brahmacharya and aparigraha. He is said to have attained nirvana at the age of 72. He is considered to be the 24th Tirthankara (guru) of Jainism and is regarded as a reformer, rather than a founder of this religion.
While it is unknown exactly that where Mahavira was born, 3 distinct places in Bihar have been identified as possible birthplaces. These include Kundigram in Vaishali district, Lachhuar in Jamui and Kundalpur in Nalanda. Most historians will agree that Basokund was his birthplace, but traditionally, it is considered to be Kundalagrama, which is an ancient city of Vaishali, whose location continues to remain unidentified. According to Jainism, Mahavira was born in the year 540 BCE, which has prompted many historians to consider him to be a contemporary of Gautama Bhudda. According to Jainism, his birth is ascribed to be on the thirteenth day of the rising moon of Chairtra in the Vira Nivana Samvat calendar, which falls in either March or April according to the Gregorian calendar. Mahavira was born into the royal family of King Siddartha of Kudraam and Queen Trishala, whose brother was King Chetaka of Vaishali. In his childhood, he was called Vardhamana, which means “one who grows”. He was named this because of the increased prosperity that was experienced in the kingdom at the time of his birth. Both of his parents are said to be strict followers of Parsva.

Fill blank (x).

Directions: The following paragraph has some blanks, each of which has been numbered.

The Indian flag, the __(i)__ tricolour is a pride for all Indians. The flag was __(ii)__ flown and__(iii)__ as the Indian National Flag in Hamburg in 1942, but was __(iv)__ declared the flag of the Indian dominion on 15th August 1947. It is __(v)__ equally in three colours, saffron on the top, white in the __(vi)__ and green at the bottom. In the centre of the white band, there is a __(vii)__ in navy blue to indicate the Dharma Chakra. The Chakra has 24 spokes, which show that there is life in __(viii)__ and death in __(ix)__. The saffron colour stands for courage, sacrifice and the spirit of renunciation. The white in the centre is light, the path of truth to guide our conduct. The green colour at the bottom stands for __(x)__ and our relation to the plant life on which all other lives depend.

What did Mahavira do to attain enlightenment?

Directions:  Read the passage and answer the question that follows.

Mahavira, also known as Vardhamana, was the twenty-fourth and last guru of the Jain religion. He was born into a royal family in what is currently the state of Bihar, India. The town of his birth at the time when he was born was markedly prosperous in terms of agriculture, health, wealth and wisdom. It is for this reason that he was named Vardhman by his parents. When he was 30 years old, he left his home in search of spiritual awakening and spent over 12 years practising intense meditation and severe penance. After this period, he achieved enlightenment. He then travelled all over India for the next 30 years, teaching his philosophy, which is based on the concepts of ahimsa, satya, asteya, brahmacharya and aparigraha. He is said to have attained nirvana at the age of 72. He is considered to be the 24th Tirthankara (guru) of Jainism and is regarded as a reformer, rather than a founder of this religion.
While it is unknown exactly that where Mahavira was born, 3 distinct places in Bihar have been identified as possible birthplaces. These include Kundigram in Vaishali district, Lachhuar in Jamui and Kundalpur in Nalanda. Most historians will agree that Basokund was his birthplace, but traditionally, it is considered to be Kundalagrama, which is an ancient city of Vaishali, whose location continues to remain unidentified. According to Jainism, Mahavira was born in the year 540 BCE, which has prompted many historians to consider him to be a contemporary of Gautama Bhudda. According to Jainism, his birth is ascribed to be on the thirteenth day of the rising moon of Chairtra in the Vira Nivana Samvat calendar, which falls in either March or April according to the Gregorian calendar. Mahavira was born into the royal family of King Siddartha of Kudraam and Queen Trishala, whose brother was King Chetaka of Vaishali. In his childhood, he was called Vardhamana, which means “one who grows”. He was named this because of the increased prosperity that was experienced in the kingdom at the time of his birth. Both of his parents are said to be strict followers of Parsva.

What is the meaning of 'Vardhaman'?

Directions:  Read the passage and answer the question that follows.

Mahavira, also known as Vardhamana, was the twenty-fourth and last guru of the Jain religion. He was born into a royal family in what is currently the state of Bihar, India. The town of his birth at the time when he was born was markedly prosperous in terms of agriculture, health, wealth and wisdom. It is for this reason that he was named Vardhman by his parents. When he was 30 years old, he left his home in search of spiritual awakening and spent over 12 years practising intense meditation and severe penance. After this period, he achieved enlightenment. He then travelled all over India for the next 30 years, teaching his philosophy, which is based on the concepts of ahimsa, satya, asteya, brahmacharya and aparigraha. He is said to have attained nirvana at the age of 72. He is considered to be the 24th Tirthankara (guru) of Jainism and is regarded as a reformer, rather than a founder of this religion.
While it is unknown exactly that where Mahavira was born, 3 distinct places in Bihar have been identified as possible birthplaces. These include Kundigram in Vaishali district, Lachhuar in Jamui and Kundalpur in Nalanda. Most historians will agree that Basokund was his birthplace, but traditionally, it is considered to be Kundalagrama, which is an ancient city of Vaishali, whose location continues to remain unidentified. According to Jainism, Mahavira was born in the year 540 BCE, which has prompted many historians to consider him to be a contemporary of Gautama Bhudda. According to Jainism, his birth is ascribed to be on the thirteenth day of the rising moon of Chairtra in the Vira Nivana Samvat calendar, which falls in either March or April according to the Gregorian calendar. Mahavira was born into the royal family of King Siddartha of Kudraam and Queen Trishala, whose brother was King Chetaka of Vaishali. In his childhood, he was called Vardhamana, which means “one who grows”. He was named this because of the increased prosperity that was experienced in the kingdom at the time of his birth. Both of his parents are said to be strict followers of Parsva.

According to the passage, what is economic liberalisation?

Directions:  Read the passage and answer the question that follows.

Competition has been intensifying among many countries that participate in the global economy. This competition has been growing since the early 1990’s and is due to many factors. Most significant is economic liberalisation that is pursued by many developing countries and socialistic countries as well as the revolution in information and communication technology. Developing countries with growing economies have been greatly aided by the removal of regulatory controls for industries. This is especially the case when it comes to foreign investment. Another significant factor was the formulation of the World Trade Organisation which resulted in the removal of both quantitative and non-quantitative restrictions for foreign trade. With the spread of the information and communication technology (ICT) revolution, a new era for telecommunications has begun. This has lead to the spreading of faster communication between people and their organisations. In many cases, this communication is instant. All these factors have led to the intensifying of global economic competition.
However, the need to sustain this competitiveness has been a constant concern for policy makers, industrialists and law makers in all industrialised countries. Furthermore, one major concern has been about how to enhance and achieve this competitiveness. This is a plight which India currently faces. Competitiveness must not only be achieved, but sustained, and this is in respect to the whole economy and not individual sectors alone. In India, the manufacturing sector has always been strong in this regard. This is because manufactured products, particularly those which are focused on technology, assist and encourage the enhancement of competitiveness.  This not only happens within the manufacturing sectors, but it also influences the agricultural and service sectors.

The passage explains that

Directions:  Read the passage and answer the question that follows.

Competition has been intensifying among many countries that participate in the global economy. This competition has been growing since the early 1990’s and is due to many factors. Most significant is economic liberalisation that is pursued by many developing countries and socialistic countries as well as the revolution in information and communication technology. Developing countries with growing economies have been greatly aided by the removal of regulatory controls for industries. This is especially the case when it comes to foreign investment. Another significant factor was the formulation of the World Trade Organisation which resulted in the removal of both quantitative and non-quantitative restrictions for foreign trade. With the spread of the information and communication technology (ICT) revolution, a new era for telecommunications has begun. This has lead to the spreading of faster communication between people and their organisations. In many cases, this communication is instant. All these factors have led to the intensifying of global economic competition.
However, the need to sustain this competitiveness has been a constant concern for policy makers, industrialists and law makers in all industrialised countries. Furthermore, one major concern has been about how to enhance and achieve this competitiveness. This is a plight which India currently faces. Competitiveness must not only be achieved, but sustained, and this is in respect to the whole economy and not individual sectors alone. In India, the manufacturing sector has always been strong in this regard. This is because manufactured products, particularly those which are focused on technology, assist and encourage the enhancement of competitiveness.  This not only happens within the manufacturing sectors, but it also influences the agricultural and service sectors.

Choose the most appropriate title for the passage.

Directions:  Read the passage and answer the question that follows.

Competition has been intensifying among many countries that participate in the global economy. This competition has been growing since the early 1990’s and is due to many factors. Most significant is economic liberalisation that is pursued by many developing countries and socialistic countries as well as the revolution in information and communication technology. Developing countries with growing economies have been greatly aided by the removal of regulatory controls for industries. This is especially the case when it comes to foreign investment. Another significant factor was the formulation of the World Trade Organisation which resulted in the removal of both quantitative and non-quantitative restrictions for foreign trade. With the spread of the information and communication technology (ICT) revolution, a new era for telecommunications has begun. This has lead to the spreading of faster communication between people and their organisations. In many cases, this communication is instant. All these factors have led to the intensifying of global economic competition.
However, the need to sustain this competitiveness has been a constant concern for policy makers, industrialists and law makers in all industrialised countries. Furthermore, one major concern has been about how to enhance and achieve this competitiveness. This is a plight which India currently faces. Competitiveness must not only be achieved, but sustained, and this is in respect to the whole economy and not individual sectors alone. In India, the manufacturing sector has always been strong in this regard. This is because manufactured products, particularly those which are focused on technology, assist and encourage the enhancement of competitiveness.  This not only happens within the manufacturing sectors, but it also influences the agricultural and service sectors.

Besides achieving competitiveness, what else does India need?

Directions:  Read the passage and answer the question that follows.

Competition has been intensifying among many countries that participate in the global economy. This competition has been growing since the early 1990’s and is due to many factors. Most significant is economic liberalisation that is pursued by many developing countries and socialistic countries as well as the revolution in information and communication technology. Developing countries with growing economies have been greatly aided by the removal of regulatory controls for industries. This is especially the case when it comes to foreign investment. Another significant factor was the formulation of the World Trade Organisation which resulted in the removal of both quantitative and non-quantitative restrictions for foreign trade. With the spread of the information and communication technology (ICT) revolution, a new era for telecommunications has begun. This has lead to the spreading of faster communication between people and their organisations. In many cases, this communication is instant. All these factors have led to the intensifying of global economic competition.
However, the need to sustain this competitiveness has been a constant concern for policy makers, industrialists and law makers in all industrialised countries. Furthermore, one major concern has been about how to enhance and achieve this competitiveness. This is a plight which India currently faces. Competitiveness must not only be achieved, but sustained, and this is in respect to the whole economy and not individual sectors alone. In India, the manufacturing sector has always been strong in this regard. This is because manufactured products, particularly those which are focused on technology, assist and encourage the enhancement of competitiveness.  This not only happens within the manufacturing sectors, but it also influences the agricultural and service sectors.

Fill blank (ix).

Directions: The following paragraph has some blanks, each of which has been numbered.

The Indian flag, the __(i)__ tricolour is a pride for all Indians. The flag was __(ii)__ flown and__(iii)__ as the Indian National Flag in Hamburg in 1942, but was __(iv)__ declared the flag of the Indian dominion on 15th August 1947. It is __(v)__ equally in three colours, saffron on the top, white in the __(vi)__ and green at the bottom. In the centre of the white band, there is a __(vii)__ in navy blue to indicate the Dharma Chakra. The Chakra has 24 spokes, which show that there is life in __(viii)__ and death in __(ix)__. The saffron colour stands for courage, sacrifice and the spirit of renunciation. The white in the centre is light, the path of truth to guide our conduct. The green colour at the bottom stands for __(x)__ and our relation to the plant life on which all other lives depend.

Which of the following statements is correct?

Directions:  Read the passage and answer the question that follows.

Competition has been intensifying among many countries that participate in the global economy. This competition has been growing since the early 1990’s and is due to many factors. Most significant is economic liberalisation that is pursued by many developing countries and socialistic countries as well as the revolution in information and communication technology. Developing countries with growing economies have been greatly aided by the removal of regulatory controls for industries. This is especially the case when it comes to foreign investment. Another significant factor was the formulation of the World Trade Organisation which resulted in the removal of both quantitative and non-quantitative restrictions for foreign trade. With the spread of the information and communication technology (ICT) revolution, a new era for telecommunications has begun. This has lead to the spreading of faster communication between people and their organisations. In many cases, this communication is instant. All these factors have led to the intensifying of global economic competition.
However, the need to sustain this competitiveness has been a constant concern for policy makers, industrialists and law makers in all industrialised countries. Furthermore, one major concern has been about how to enhance and achieve this competitiveness. This is a plight which India currently faces. Competitiveness must not only be achieved, but sustained, and this is in respect to the whole economy and not individual sectors alone. In India, the manufacturing sector has always been strong in this regard. This is because manufactured products, particularly those which are focused on technology, assist and encourage the enhancement of competitiveness.  This not only happens within the manufacturing sectors, but it also influences the agricultural and service sectors.