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Metabolism and Bioenergetics (GATE)

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One of the products of PP pathway is erythrose-4-phosphate. It is used for the synthesis of

  1. fatty acids

  2. nucleotides

  3. aromatic amino acids

  4. nitrogenous bases


Correct Option: C
Explanation:

Erythrose 4-phosphate (a product of PP pathway) is used in the synthesis of aromatic amino acids.

Most of the steps of pentose phosphate pathway occur in plants in

  1. cytoplasm

  2. plastids

  3. mitochondria

  4. glyxosomes


Correct Option: B
Explanation:

Most of the steps of pentose phosphate pathway take place in plastids in plants.

Which of the following statements about pentose phosphate pathway are correct?

a. It is an anabolic pathway. b. NADPH produced in this pathway is required for the prevention of the oxidative stress. c. The first step of PP pathway is a rate limiting step and is irreversible. d. Epimerase converts ketose ribulose-5-phosphate to aldose ribose-5-phosphate.

  1. All of the above

  2. Only a, b and c

  3. Only b, c and d

  4. Only a and b


Correct Option: B
Explanation:

This is the correct option. It is an anabolic pathway. NADPH produced in this pathway is required for the prevention of the oxidative stress. The first step of PP pathway is a rate limiting step and is irreversible.

NADPH generated in PP pathway is used for which of the following?

a. Amino acid synthesis b. Steroid synthesis c. Fatty acid synthesis d. Reduced glutathione synthesis

  1. All of the above

  2. Only c, b and a

  3. Only b, d and c

  4. Only a, b and c


Correct Option: C
Explanation:

NADPH generated in PP pathway is used in all reductive biosynthesis reactions within cells. They are fatty acid, steroid and glutathione syntheses.

Which of the following enzymes is not involved in TCA?

  1. Citrate synthase

  2. Fumarase

  3. Malate dehydrogenase

  4. Malate synthase


Correct Option: D
Explanation:

Malate synthase is not involved in TCA cycle. It catalyses combination of glyoxylate with acetyl CoA to produce malate in glyoxylate pathway.

Which of the following products is not formed in non-oxidative PP pathway?

  1. Glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate

  2. Ribulose 5-phosphate

  3. Sedoheptulose 7-phosphate

  4. Erythrose 4-phosphate


Correct Option: B
Explanation:

Ribulose 5-phosphate is the primary reactant of PP pathway. It is the product of oxidative phase of PP pathway.

Which of the following events occur in the oxidative phase of PP pathway?

a. Two molecules of NADP+ are reduced to NADPH. b. 6-phosphogluconolactonase catalyses dehydrogenation reaction. c. CO2 is generated in this phase. d. The rate-limiting reaction of pentose phosphate pathway is catalysed by glucose-6-phosphatase.

  1. All of the above

  2. Only a, b and c

  3. Only a, c and d

  4. Only b, c and d


Correct Option: C
Explanation:

This is the correct option. Two molecules of NADP+ are reduced to NADPH. CO2 is generated in this phase. The rate-limiting reaction of pentose phosphate pathway is catalysed by glucose-6-phosphatase.

Which of the following is the significance of glyoxylate cycle in pathogenic fungi?

  1. It uses acetate as a carbon source.

  2. It increases affinity for the host.

  3. It synthesises chitin in the cell wall.

  4. It increases resistance to antifungals.


Correct Option: B
Explanation:

Glyoxylate cycle is a significant factor in the pathogenesis (increasing affinity for the host) of fungi. The levels of main glyoxylate enzyme greatly increase after getting in contact with a human host.

Glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PDH) is the first enzyme that is required for initiation of pentose phosphate pathway. Which of the following is/are the effects of mutation in glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PDH)?

a. Liver problems in neonates b. Chronic granulomatous disease c. Resistance to malarial parasite d. Erythrocyte survival affected

  1. All of the above

  2. Only a, b and c

  3. Only b, c and d

  4. Only a, c and d


Correct Option: C
Explanation:

Chronic granulomatous disease, resistance to malarial parasite and affect on erythrocyte survival are the effects that are caused due to mutations in G6PHD.

The variants with altered glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase activity have been classified into five classes by WHO. The variants with severe deficiency with intermittent haemolysis belong to

  1. Class I

  2. Class II

  3. Class III

  4. Class IV


Correct Option: B
Explanation:

Class II comprises of variants having severe deficiency (<10% activity) with intermittent hemolysis.

Which of the following substrates leads to the synthesis of L-malate by malate synthase in glyoxylate pathway?

  1. Citrate

  2. Glyoxylate

  3. Succinate

  4. Fumarate


Correct Option: B
Explanation:

Malate synthase acts on glyoxylate to yield L-malate.

Several drugs and toxins inhibit oxidative phosphorylation. Even if a single enzyme is inhibited, the whole process comes to a halt. One such inhibitor is oligomycin, which is used as an antibiotic. It blocks which of the following enzymes?

  1. ATP synthase

  2. Cytochrome c oxidase

  3. Succinate dehydrogenase (complex II)

  4. Cytochrome c reductase


Correct Option: A
Explanation:

Oligomycin inhibits ATP synthase by blocking the flow of protons through the Fo subunit of mitochondria.

NAD specific isocitrate dehydrogenase oxidises isocitrate in citric acid cycle. Which of the following acts as an activator of this enzyme?

  1. Acetyl coA

  2. Oxaloacetate

  3. ADP

  4. ATP


Correct Option: C
Explanation:

ADP acts as an activator of NAD specific isocitrate dehydrogenase. This enzyme is found only in mitochondria.

Phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase reaction (an anaplerotic reaction) produces which of the following in animals?

  1. Acetyl CoA

  2. L-malate

  3. Oxaloacetate

  4. Aspartate


Correct Option: C
Explanation:

Phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase reaction (an anaplerotic reaction) produces oxaloacetate in animals.

Phosphoenolpyruvate (PEP) is formed during glycolysis or gluconeogenesis metabolic pathway. It is used by bacteria for which of the following?

  1. Carbon fixation

  2. Chorismate synthesis

  3. Nitrogen fixation

  4. Carbon assimilation


Correct Option: A
Explanation:

PEP is used by bacteria for carbon fixation. Phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase enzyme catalyses the addition of bicarbonate (HCO3−) to phosphoenolpyruvate (PEP) to form the four-carbon compound oxaloacetate and inorganic phosphate.

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