_____ matrix is the representation of all access rights of all subjects to all objects in a computer system.

____ program may be written to steal user passwords.

MAC stands for _____.

____ are used to authenticate users.

Computer worms are _____.

The art of breaking ciphers is called _____.

____ are the secret points of entry without access authorization.

DAC stands for _____.

A cryptographic system that uses different keys for encryption and decryption is said to be _____.

A cryptographic system that uses the same key for both encryption and decryption is said to be _____.

In cryptography, the plain text is encrypted to get _____ text.

In cryptography, original unenciphered text is called _____ text.

Take and grant are two special _____.

____ is a graph-based model that describes a restricted class of protection systems.

_____ is a token that gives the subject possessing it permission to access a specific object.

_____ list is an enumeration of the specific access rights of all entities that are authorised to a given object.

_____ rings are a generalisation of the concept of a supervisor state.

The encryption method uses _____ as a parameter.

Which of the following are the common access control mechanisms?

Protection rings are introduced in _____.

False _____ ratio is the percentage of legitimate users who are denied access due to the failure of the authentication mechanism.

_____ domain is the collection of access rights.

False _____ ratio is the percentage of illegitimate users erroneously admitted.

Computer _____ is a piece of code that infect other programs.

Computer _____ can invade computers.