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Description: Methods and Techniques in microbiology Methods in Microbiology
Number of Questions: 15
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Tags: Methods and Techniques in microbiology Methods in Microbiology
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Eosin Methylene Blue is a stain for Gram negative bacteria. It contains Eosin and Methylene blue in the ratio of

  1. 3 : 1

  2. 1 : 3

  3. 6 : 1

  4. 1 : 6

  5. 1 : 1

Show answer
Correct Option: C
Explanation:

Eosin Methylene Blue (EMB, also known as Levine's formulation) is a stain for Gram-negative bacteria. It has Eosin and Methylene blue in the ratio of 6 : 1.

Which of the following is not an acid fast structure?

  1. Oocysts of Cryptosporidium parvum

  2. Actinomycetes

  3. Bacterial spores

  4. Streptomyces

  5. Mycobacteria

Show answer
Correct Option: D
Explanation:

Streptomyces are a non-acid fast genera of Actinimycetes. Streptomyces do not have mycolic acid in their cell walls.

Traditional stain used for mitochondria is

  1. crystal violet

  2. acid fuchsine

  3. haematoxylin

  4. cresyl violet

  5. nile blue

Show answer
Correct Option: B
Explanation:

Acid fuchsine is a traditional stain for mitochondria (Altmann's method).

What is Indian ink?

  1. Negative stain

  2. Acid fast

  3. Gram stain

  4. Endosopore stain

  5. Romanowsky stain

Show answer
Correct Option: A
Explanation:

Negative stain is a simple staining method for bacteria that is usually successful, even when the positive staining methods fail. This can be achieved by smearing the sample onto the slide and then applying nigrosin (a black synthetic dye) or Indian ink (an aqueous suspension of carbon particles).

Firmacutes (+), Gracillicutes (−), Mollicutes (0) and Mendocutes (var.) are four divisions of the kingdom Monera, divided on the basis of

  1. endospore staining

  2. simple staining

  3. Albert’s staining

  4. acid fast staining

  5. Gram staining

Show answer
Correct Option: E
Explanation:

Historically, kingdom Monera is divided on the basis of Gram Staining in four divisions - Firmacutes (+), Gracillicutes (−), Mollicutes (0) and Mendocutes (var.).

Which of the following is a negatively charged stain (anion)?

  1. Methyle blue

  2. Crystal violet

  3. Hemotoxylene

  4. Eosin

  5. Basic fuchsin

Show answer
Correct Option: D
Explanation:

Eosin is a negatively charged stain (anionic) that binds positively charged groups on protein and phospholipids. This is also known as an acidic stain.

Which of the following is a basic dye?

  1. Aniline blue

  2. Crystal violet

  3. Orange G

  4. Eosin

  5. Fast green

Show answer
Correct Option: B
Explanation:

Crystal violet is a positively charged stain (cationic) that binds negatively charged groups on protein and nucleic acids. This is also known as a basic dye (stain).

Pap staining is a frequently used method for examining cell samples from various bodily secretions. Which of the following combinations does it use?

  1. Haematoxylin, Crytal violet, Orange G, eosin Y, Light Green SF yellowish and sometimes Bismarck Brown Y

  2. Haematoxylin, Orange G, eosin Y, Light Green SF yellowish and sometimes Bismarck Brown Y

  3. Haematoxylin, Orange G and sometimes Bismarck Brown Y

  4. Haematoxylin, Crytal violet, Orange G, eosin Y, Light Green SF yellowish

  5. Light Green SF yellowish, iodine, methylene blue and sometimes Bismarck Brown Y

Show answer
Correct Option: B
Explanation:

Papanicolaou staining, or Pap staining, is a frequently used method for examining cell samples from various bodily secretions. It is frequently used to stain pap smear specimens. It uses a combination of haematoxylin, Orange G, eosin Y, Light Green SF yellowish and sometimes Bismarck Brown Y.

Match the following columns:

(a) Tissues that stain by acidic dyes (i) Chromophobic
(b) Tissues that stain by basic dyes (ii) Acidophilic
(c) Tissues that do not take up coloured dye readily (iii) Amphophilic
(d) Tissues that stain with either acid or basic dyes (iv) Basophilic

  1. (a) – (iv), (b) – (ii), (c) – (iii), (d) - (i)

  2. (a) – (ii), (b) – (i), (c) – (iv), (d) - (iii)

  3. (a) – (ii), (b) – (iv), (c) – (i), (d) - (iii)

  4. (a) – (iv), (b) – (iii), (c) – (i), (d) - (ii)

  5. (a) – (i), (b) – (iv), (c) – (ii), (d) - (iii)

Show answer
Correct Option: C
Explanation:

Correct match. Tissues that stain by acidic stains are known as Acidophilic. Tissues that stain by basic stains are known as Basophilic. Tissues that do not take up coloured dye readily are known as Chromophobic. Tissues that stain with either acid or basic dyes are known as Amphophilic.

Which of the following statements is false?

  1. Gram staining was developed by Dutch Physician Hans Christian Gram in 1883.

  2. Gram positive bacteria has a thick peptidoglycan layer.

  3. Gram negative bacteria has a very low lipid content in cell wall.

  4. In Gram staining, alcohol acts on membrane lipids.

  5. Acid fast stain was developed by Franz Ziehl and the pathologist Friedric Neelsen.

Show answer
Correct Option: A
Explanation:

This is a false statement. Gram staining was developed by Danish Physician Hans Christian Gram in 1883, he was not a Dutch physician.

Match the following columns:

 
(a) Eschericia coli (i) Gram positive
(b) Mycobacterium phei (ii) Gram negative
(c) Staphylococcus epidermi (iii) Waxy/crumby gram positive rods
(d) Mycobacterium smegmatis (iv) Opportunistic gram positive acid-fast

  1. (a) – (iv), (b) – (ii), (c) – (iii), (d) - (i)

  2. (a) – (ii), (b) – (i), (c) – (iv), (d) - (iii)

  3. (a) – (ii), (b) – (iv), (c) – (i), (d) - (iii)

  4. (a) – (iv), (b) – (iii), (c) – (i), (d) - (ii)

  5. (a) – (i), (b) – (iv), (c) – (ii), (d) - (iii)

Show answer
Correct Option: C
Explanation:

Correct match is (a) – (ii), (b) – (iv), (c) – (i), (d) - (iii)
Eschericia coli is Gram negative. Mycobacterium phei is opportunistic gram positive acid-fast. Staphylococcus epidermidis is gram positive. Bacillus subtillis is gram positive. Mycobacterium smegmatis is waxy/crumby gram positive rods.

The outer membrane of gram-negative bacteria contains

  1. cytoplasm

  2. teichoic acids

  3. a thick peptidoglycan layer

  4. lipoteichoic acids

  5. lipopolysaccharide

Show answer
Correct Option: E
Explanation:

Outer membrane of gram-negative bacteria contains lipopolysaccharide in its outer leaflet and phospholipids in the inner leaflet.

Which of the following stain(s) is/are specially used for cell cycle determination and gel electrophosis?

  1. Acridine orange

  2. Malachite green

  3. Ethidium bromide

  4. Acridine orange and Ethidium bromide

  5. Phosphotungstic acid

Show answer
Correct Option: D
Explanation:

EB/AO combined stain causes live cells to fluoresce green whilst apoptotic cells retain the distinctive red-orange fluorescence. Therefore, both Acridine orange (AO) and Ethidium bromide (EO) are used for cell cycle determination.

Which of the following options has Acid Fast organisms?

  1. Staphylococcus, Streptococcus, Clostridium and Nocardia

  2. Cryptospordium parvum, isospora, cyclospora cysts

  3. Enterobacteriaceae, vibrio cholera, pseudomonas aeruginosa, mycobacterium leprae

  4. Legionella micdadei, nocardia, head of sperm

  5. Both (2) and (4)

Show answer
Correct Option: E
Explanation:

Correct answer because option numbers (2) and (4) both have groups of acid fast organisms.

Match the following columns:

 
(a) Limit of resolution for Human Eye (i) 0.2m or 2000Ao
(b) Limit of resolution for Light Microscope (ii) 0.5nm or 5Ao
(c) Limit of resolution for Scanning Electron Microscope (iii) 0.1mm or 100um
(d) Limit of resolution for Transmission Electron Microscope (iv) 5 - 10nm or 50-100 Ao

  1. (a) – (iii), (b) – (i), (c) – (ii), (d) – (iv)

  2. (a) – (ii), (b) – (i), (c) – (iv), (d) – (iii)

  3. (a) – (iii), (b) – (i), (c) – (iv), (d) – (ii)

  4. (a) – (i), (b) – (iii), (c) – (iv), (d) – (ii)

  5. (a) – (iv), (b) – (i), (c) – (iii), (d) – (ii)

Show answer
Correct Option: C
Explanation:

 Correct match (a) – (iii), (b) – (i), (c) – (iv), (d) – (ii)
(a) Human Eye: 0.1mm or 100um (b) Light Microscope: 0.2um or 2000Ao (c) Scanning Electron Microscope: 5 - 10nm or 50 - 100 Ao  (d) Transmission Electron Microscope: 0.5nm or 5Ao

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