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Immunology (GATE - XL)

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Veiled cells function in chemokine-production, cross presentation and IFN alpha production. They are found in the

  1. nose

  2. skin

  3. blood

  4. stomach


Correct Option: C
Explanation:

Veiled cells are immature dendritic cells found in blood. 

Which of the following complement proteins are anaphylotoxins?

  1. C3a, C4a, C5a

  2. C1a, C2a, C3a

  3. C1b, C2b, C3b

  4. C3b, C4b, C5b


Correct Option: A
Explanation:

C3a, C4a and C5a proteins are anaphylotoxins. They cause smooth muscle contraction.

What role does secreted phospholipases A2 play in immune system?

  1. Development of B and T lymphocytes

  2. Attraction of lymphocytes to infected site

  3. Chemoattractant

  4. Inflammation


Correct Option: D
Explanation:

sPLA2 (Secreted phospholipases A2) have been shown to promote inflammation in mammals by catalysing the first step of the arachidonic acid pathway by breaking down phospholipids.

Which of the following complement proteins are involved in the process of opsonisation?

  1. C4a and C5a

  2. C4b and C3b

  3. C4a and C3a

  4. C5a and C6-C9


Correct Option: B
Explanation:

C3b and, to a lesser degree, C4b molecules are opsonins.

Which complement protein is measured for supporting the diagnosis of post-infectious glomerulonephritis?

  1. Complement component 1

  2. Complement component 3

  3. Complement component 5

  4. Complement component 6


Correct Option: B
Explanation:

Post-infectious glomerulonephritis is a kidney disease in which complement component 3 level in the blood gets lowered.

Which of the following is the principle effector function of IgM?

  1. Neonatal immunity

  2. Mucosal immunity

  3. Complement activation

  4. Immunity against helminths


Correct Option: C
Explanation:

The principle effector function of IgM is complement activation. 

Defensins are a family of mammalian host defence peptides. They manifest their antimicrobial action and provide primary immunity to

  1. skin

  2. oral cavity

  3. eyes

  4. ears


Correct Option: A
Explanation:

The beta defensins are antimicrobial peptides implicated in the resistance of epithelial surfaces to microbial colonisation, thus beta-defensins act as a chemical barrier and provide immunity to skin.

Factor H is a member of complement activation family. It functions as

  1. anaphylotoxin

  2. opsonin

  3. control protein

  4. decay accelerating factor (DAF)


Correct Option: C
Explanation:

Factor H is a member of complement activation family.

Mast cells express a high-affinity receptor (FcεRI). This receptor is for

  1. IgA antibodies

  2. IgE antibodies

  3. IgM antibodies

  4. IgD antibodies


Correct Option: B
Explanation:

Mast cells express a high-affinity receptor (FcεRI) for the Fc region of IgE antibodies.

Which of the following enzymes is responsible for inducing cleavage of a single double-stranded DNA molecule between the antigen receptor coding segment and a flanking recombination signal sequence?

  1. DNA-dependent protein kinase (DNA-Pk)

  2. Artemis nuclease

  3. Terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase (TdT)

  4. Recombination activating gene (RAG)


Correct Option: D
Explanation:

RAG enzymes work as a multi-subunit complex to induce cleavage of a single double-stranded DNA (dsDNA) molecule between the antigen receptor coding segment and a flanking recombination signal sequence.

Myeloperoxidases (MPO) are used by immune cells to kill bacteria and other pathogens. They are expressed in

  1. basophils

  2. neutrophils

  3. eosinophils

  4. monocytes


Correct Option: B
Explanation:

MPOs are expressed in neutrophil granulocytes. 

Which complement factor is associated with C1q deficiency which occurs due to formation of C1q antibodies?

  1. Partial lipodystrophy

  2. Type II membranoproliferative glomerulonephritis (MPGN II)

  3. Hypocomplementemic urticarial vasculitis syndrome (HUVS)

  4. Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE)


Correct Option: C
Explanation:

Hypocomplementemic urticarial vasculitis syndrome (HUVS) (also called SLE-related syndrome or chronic hypocomplementemic cutaneous vasculitis) is a disorder associated with anti-C1q antibodies that leads to classical pathway activation and chronic decreases in C1, C2, C4 and C3 levels.

Some animals possess distinct Ig heavy chain which results in different antibodies. In which animals are IgW antibodies found?

  1. Frogs

  2. Lungfish

  3. Zebrafish

  4. Sharks


Correct Option: B
Explanation:

IgW antibody is found in group of lobe-finned fishes, including coelacanth and lungfish.

Which class of HLA proteins are just restricted to macrophages and lymphocytes?

  1. Class I HLA

  2. Class II HLA

  3. Class III HLA

  4. Class IV HLA


Correct Option: B
Explanation:

Class II HLA are membrane-bound glycoproteins that are restricted to macrophages and lymphocytes.

Which interferon can be used to treat hepatitis B and C infections?

  1. IFN-beta

  2. IFN-alpha

  3. IFN-kappa

  4. IFN-omega


Correct Option: B
Explanation:

IFN-alpha interferon can be used to treat hepatitis B and C infections.

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