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Antimicrobial Agents (GATE)

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The representative source of all of the following antibiotics, except _________, is bacteria.

  1. polymyxin

  2. neomycin

  3. penicillin

  4. gentamicin

  5. chlortetracycline


Correct Option: C
Explanation:

Representative source of penicillin is Penicillium chrysogenum (fungi).

Which of the following antimicrobial agents is effective against both gram-negative and gram-positive bacteria?

  1. Penicillin G

  2. Bacitracin

  3. Vancomycin

  4. Tetracycline

  5. Penicillin V


Correct Option: D
Explanation:

Tetracycline is a broad spectrum antimicrobial agent effective against both gram-negative and gram-positive bacteria.

Which of the following antimicrobial agents is an aminoglycoside?

  1. Streptomycin

  2. Erythromycin

  3. Daptomycin

  4. Bacitracin

  5. Vancomycin


Correct Option: A
Explanation:

Aminoglycosides are a group of antibiotics in which amino sugars are linked by glycoside bonds. 

Which of the following is an anti-fungal polyene antibiotic?

  1. Miconazole

  2. Amphotericin B

  3. Terbinafine

  4. Flucytosine

  5. Clotrimazole


Correct Option: B
Explanation:

Amphotericin B is the most commonly used member of antifungal polyene antibiotics.

Match the entries:

 
Column I Column II
P. Bacitracin 1. Inhibition of protein biosynthesis
Q. Chloramphenicol 2. Inhibition of bacterial cell wall biosynthesis
R. Griseofulvin 3. Inhibition of cell metabolism
S. Isoniazid 4. Inhibition of nucleic acid biosynthesis
  1. P - 1; Q - 2; R - 3; S - 4

  2. P - 1; Q - 3; R - 2; S - 4

  3. P - 2; Q - 1; R - 4; S - 3

  4. P - 2; Q - 3; R - 4; S - 1

  5. P - 3; Q - 1; R - 4; S - 2


Correct Option: C
Explanation:

Bacitracin innhibits bacterial cell wall biosynthesis. Chloramphenicol acts by inhibition of protein biosynthesis.

All of the following are anti-protozoan drugs, except

  1. quinine

  2. chloroquine

  3. metronidazole

  4. quinacrine

  5. Albendazole


Correct Option: E
Explanation:

Albendazole is a broad-spectrum anti-helminthic drug.

Which of the following antifungal agents acts by inhibiting cell wall synthesis?

  1. Terbinafine

  2. Miconazole

  3. Flucytosine

  4. Caspofungin

  5. Griseofulvin


Correct Option: D
Explanation:

Caspofungin is an anti-fungal agent.It works by inhibiting the enzyme (1→3)-β-D-glucan synthase and thereby disturbing the integrity of the fungal cell wall.

Which of the following anti-protozoan agents inhibit(s) DNA synthesis?

  1. Chloroquine
  2. Metronidazole
  3. Nitazoxanide
  1. Only 1

  2. Only 2

  3. Only 3

  4. 1 and 2

  5. 2 and 3


Correct Option: A
Explanation:

Chloroquine is an anti-protozoan drug used in malaria treatment. 

Which of the following is a ureidopenicillin?

  1. Ampicillin

  2. Amoxicillin

  3. Azlocillin

  4. Carbenicillin

  5. Ticarcillin


Correct Option: C
Explanation:

Azlocillin is an example of ureidopenicillin.

The entry of HIV into the cell can be blocked by fusion inhibitors, such as

  1. enfuvirtide

  2. atazanavir

  3. indinavir

  4. saquinavir

  5. nevirapine


Correct Option: A
Explanation:

Entry of HIV into the cell can be blocked by fusion inhibitors, such as enfuvirtide.

Which of the following antibiotics is an inhibitor of nucleic acid synthesis?

  1. Cefixime

  2. Ethambutol

  3. Vancomycin

  4. Clarithromycin

  5. Linezolid


Correct Option: B
Explanation:

Ethambutol: Inhibits synthesis of mRNA; treatment of tuberculosis

Match the columns:

 
Column I Column II
P. Amphotericin B 1. Streptomyces nodosus
Q. Chloramphenicol 2. Streptomycems venezuelae
R. Tetracycline 3. Streptomyces aureofaciens
S. Streptomycin 4.Streptomyces griseus
  1. P - 1; Q - 2; R - 3; S - 4

  2. P - 1; Q - 3; R - 2; S - 4

  3. P - 2; Q - 1; R - 4; S - 3

  4. P - 3; Q - 2; R - 1; S - 4

  5. P - 4; Q - 2; R - 3; S - 1


Correct Option: A
Explanation:

Representative source of amphotericin B is Streptomyces nodosus. Representative source of chloramphenicol is Streptomycems venezuelae. Representative source of tetracycline is Streptomyces aureofaciens. Representative source of streptomycin is Streptomyces griseus.

Which of the following is an example of glycopeptide antibiotics?

  1. Primaxin

  2. Vancomycin

  3. Mezlocillin

  4. Oxacillin

  5. Aureomycin


Correct Option: C
Explanation:

Mezlocillin is ureidopenicillin.

Match the columns:

 
Column I Column II
P. Niclosamide 1. Inhibits absorption of nutrients
Q. Praziquantel 2. Neuromuscular block
R. Pyantel pamoate 3. Alters permeability of plasma membranes
S. Mebendazole 4. Prevents ATP generation in mitochondria
  1. P - 1; Q - 2; R - 3; S - 4

  2. P - 2; Q - 3; R - 4; S - 1

  3. P - 2; Q - 4; R - 3; S - 1

  4. P - 3; Q - 4; R - 2; S - 1

  5. P - 4; Q - 3; R - 2; S - 1


Correct Option: E
Explanation:

Niclosamide is an anti-helmintic drug used in the treatment of tapeworm infection.

Identify the false statement.

  1. Cephalothin is a first-generation cephalosporin.

  2. Penicillin G is effective against gram-positive bacteria.

  3. Isoniazid inhibits incorporation of mycolic acid into cell wall of Mycobacterium spp.

  4. Rifampin inhibits synthesis of mRNA.

  5. Nalidixic acid acts by inhibiting DNA synthesis.


Correct Option: C
Explanation:

Isoniazid inhibits synthesis of mycolic acid component of cell wall of Mycobacterium spp.

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