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Hormones (GATE - XL)

Description: Proteins
Number of Questions: 15
Created by:
Tags: pituitary thymus oxytocin prolactin vasopressin insulin The Endocrine System
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Brockmann body is an endocrine organ found in some teleost fishes. Which of the following hormones is synthesised by Brockmann body?

  1. Thyroxine

  2. Insulin

  3. Adrenaline

  4. Gonadotrophin


Correct Option: B
Explanation:

Brockmann body is the main site for insulin synthesis. 

Which of the following regulatory sequences is bound by Pdx1 binding transcription factor?

  1. A5-boxes

  2. E2 regulatory sequence

  3. C2 regulatory sequence

  4. E1 regulatory sequence


Correct Option: A
Explanation:

Pdx1 binding transcription binds to A5-boxes. It is a transcription factor necessary for pancreatic development, including β-cell maturation and duodenal differentiation.

Which of the following hormone secretions is influenced by serum calcium level?

  1. Pancreatic hormone

  2. Gastric juice

  3. Insulin

  4. Parathyroid hormone


Correct Option: D
Explanation:

Secretion of parathyroid hormone (PTH) is influenced by serum calcium level. 

The dysfunction of Meibomian gland causes

  1. adenoid cystic carcinoma

  2. dry eyes

  3. hyperhidrosis

  4. chalazion


Correct Option: B
Explanation:

Dysfunction of Meibomian glands causes dry eyes.

Which of the following glands contains a factor that is required for the absorption of vitamin B12?

  1. Pyloric gland

  2. Fundic gland

  3. Cardiac gland

  4. Brunner's gland


Correct Option: B
Explanation:

Fundic gland's secretion (HCl) contains intrinsic factor that is required for the absorption of vitamin B12.

Epinephrine hormone is not administered to the body in which of the following ways?

  1. By inhalation

  2. Intravenously

  3. Intradermally

  4. Orally


Correct Option: D
Explanation:

Epinephrine cannot be given orally because swallowed epinephrine is metabolised by catechol-o-methyltransferase in the wall of the gastrointestinal tract.

Which of the following inhibit(s) the secretion of prolactin from pituitary gland?

  1. Thyrotropin-releasing factor

  2. Tuberoinfundibulum (TIDA) neurons

  3. Luteinising hormone

  4. Vasoactive intestinal peptide


Correct Option: B
Explanation:

Tuberoinfundibulum (TIDA) neurons secrete dopamine that causes inhibition of prolactin secretion.

Which of the following is not related to oxytocin?

  1. Autism treatment

  2. Cardiac arrest

  3. Increasing trust

  4. Reducing fear


Correct Option: B
Explanation:

Oxytocin plays no role in cardiac arrest. It is not used for the treatment of cardiac arrest.

Which of the following is the function of the hormone secreted by posterior pituitary?

  1. Increasing production and release of cortisol

  2. Stimulating the production and release of melanin

  3. Increasing uterine contractions

  4. Regulating development, growth and pubertal maturation


Correct Option: C
Explanation:

Oxytocin secreted by posterior pituitary increases the uterine contractions.

Action of renin on angiotensinogen leads to the formation of which of the following?

  1. Angiotensin I

  2. Angiotensin II

  3. Angiotensin III

  4. Angiotensin IV


Correct Option: A
Explanation:

Angiotensin I is formed by the action of renin on angiotensinogen.

Which of the following glands plays a major role in the induction of central tolerance?

  1. Thyroid

  2. Thymus

  3. Adrenal

  4. Pituitary


Correct Option: B
Explanation:

Thymus provides an environment for development of T-cells from hematopoietic progenitor cells. 

Rathke's pouch is a depression in the roof of the developing mouth in front of the buccopharyngeal membrane. Which of the following develops from Rathke's pouch?

  1. Anterior pituitary

  2. Posterior pituitary

  3. Intermediate pituitary

  4. Hypothalamus


Correct Option: A
Explanation:

Rathke's pouch gives rise to the anterior pituitary (adenohypophysis) part of the pituitary gland.

Hassall's corpuscles are found in which of the following endocrine glands?

  1. Thymus

  2. Adrenal

  3. Pancreas

  4. Testes


Correct Option: A
Explanation:

Nest-like bodies called Hassall's corpuscles are found in thymus gland. 

Which of the following capillaries directly receives the secretion of endocrine glands?

  1. Sinusoidal capillary

  2. Continuous capillary

  3. Fenestrated capillary

  4. Hormonal capillary


Correct Option: C
Explanation:

Fenestrated capillaries allow small molecules and limited amounts of protein to diffuse and are present in the endocrine glands. 

Angiotensin hormone causes vasoconstriction. It also stimulates the release of

  1. nor-adrenaline

  2. adrenaline

  3. aldosterone

  4. vasopressin


Correct Option: C
Explanation:

Angiotensin stimulates the release of aldosterone from the adrenal cortex. 

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