This is an advantage of the hierarchical data model as it is based on inbuilt structure of parent and child relationship.

The machine which is utilised for running user interface is considered as database client.

This criterion is most extensively accepted for the classification of a database.

It can read, but cannot perform updation of local data items.

Adaptive query processing is essentially used by data grids to offer better quality of service (QoS) to users and applications, inspite of dynamically changing resources and environments.

Integrated Management System is a concept that offers the information needed to handle organisations in an efficient and effective manner.

Deferred-write and deferred-update are used by the recovery process when the transaction operations do not update the physical database instantly.

Personal database is prepared for assisting one client and offers him some quality of data proficiency.

In this phase, merging of the sorted runs is carried out over in one or more phases.

Multi-query optimisation is a methodology of optimising a group of SQL queries with the help of common sub-expressions to save cost and time.

On the failing of a transaction, the system is required to return to the situation that it was in before the transaction was initiated. It is called as cascading rollback.

In this approach, the client processors of OODBMS have an interaction with a network file service for reading and writing database pages.

Inter-query parallelism means executing different independent queries simultaneously on separate CPUs.

In pipelined parallelism approach, one operation's output is streamed into the input of some other operator and these two operators can function simultaneously in a series.

It keeps data sorted and allows searches, sequential access, insertions and deletions in logarithmic time.