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Medical Entrance

Description: medical entrance
Number of Questions: 20
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Tags: medical entrance Biology Circulatory System in Human Human Circulatory System Ecology and Environment Physiology of Animal and Man Human Physiology Excretory System in Human Human Excretory System
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Which is the most common form of diabetes?

  1. Type I diabetes mellitus

  2. Diabetes ketoacidosis

  3. Type II diabetes mellitus

  4. Diabetes insipidus

  5. Diabetic nephropathy

Show answer
Correct Option: C
Explanation:

Affects 90-95% of people who have diabetes 

Which of these is a disease characterized by a decreased ability of the body to use insulin?

  1. Decubitus ulcer

  2. Diabetes mellitus

  3. Malnutrition

  4. Ulcerative colitis

  5. Multiple sclerosis

Show answer
Correct Option: B
Explanation:

It is a chronic systemic disease characterized by either a deficiency of insulin or a decreased ability of the body to use insulin.

What is the term indicated to denote a high blood glucose level?

  1. Hyperkalemia

  2. Hyperglycemia

  3. Hyperpnoea

  4. Hypercalcemia

  5. Hypernatremia

Show answer
Correct Option: B
Explanation:

Hyperglycemia or high blood sugar is a condition in which an excessive amount of glucose circulates in blood plasma. High blood glucose happens when the body has too little insulin or when the body can't use insulin properly.

Which is the type of diabetes developed due to the destruction of islet cells?

  1. Type1 diabetes

  2. Type2 diabetes

  3. Diabetic retinopathy

  4. Diabetic ketoacidosis

  5. Diabetic neuropathy

Show answer
Correct Option: A
Explanation:

It occurs mainly in children and young adults, and the onset is usually sudden. The deficiency or absence of insulin is due to the destruction of islet cells. The causes are familial tendency and genetic involvement. In many cases antibodies to islet cells are present probably in cells previously damaged by infection.

Which of the following is not correctly matched?

  1. Atherosclerosis: Hardening of the arteries due to deposition of cholesterol.

  2. Murmur: A disorder of heart valves.

  3. Sickle cell anemia: Blood has a defective haemoglobin.

  4. Coronary heart disease: Due to insufficient blood supply to the heart muscles.

  5. Christmas disease: Due to Haemophilia A.

Show answer
Correct Option: E
Explanation:

Christmas disease is also known as haemophilia B.

Functions of a liver do not include __________.

  1. detoxification of blood

  2. synthesis of plasma proteins

  3. destruction of old erythrocytes

  4. bile production and excretion

  5. production of insulin

Show answer
Correct Option: E
Explanation:

Insulin is produced by islet cells in the pancreas.

Which is the type of diabetes discovered during pregnancy?

  1. Type I diabetes mellitus

  2. Gestational diabetes

  3. Type II diabetes mellitus

  4. Diabetic ketoacidosis

  5. Diabetic neuropathy

Show answer
Correct Option: B
Explanation:

Gestational diabetes mellitus is a diagnosis of diabetes mellitus that applies only to women in whom glucose intolerance develops or is first discovered during pregnancy. Gestational diabetes develops in 2-5% of all pregnant women but disappears when the pregnancy is over.

Identify the correct statement.

  1. All arteries carry oxygenated blood.

  2. An adult human has normal systolic and diastolic pressures as 80 mm Hg and 120 mm Hg respectively.

  3. Average cardiac output is 5.3 liter per minute.

  4. Bundle of His is a network of muscle fibers distributed throughout the heart walls.

  5. Cardiac output is defined as the amount of blood pumped by both ventricles per second.

Show answer
Correct Option: C
Explanation:

Correct statement. Average cardiac output is 5.3 liter per minute.

The inter-specific interactions where one species is benefited and the other is neither benefited nor harmed is called _____________.

  1. mutualism

  2. parasitism

  3. commensalism

  4. amensalism

  5. predation

Show answer
Correct Option: C
Explanation:

The interaction where one species is benefited and the other is neither benefited nor harmed is called commensalism.

Which of the following pairs represents filter feeders only?

  1. Humans and earthworms

  2. Earthworms and tapeworms

  3. Termites and aphids

  4. Oysters and mussels

  5. Aphids and oysters

Show answer
Correct Option: D
Explanation:

Filter feeders collect small organisms and particles from the surrounding water. Example: oysters and mussels.

Which of the following statements is INCORRECT?

  1. Arterioles are small arteries that connect larger arteries with capillaries.

  2. Arteries carry blood from capillaries to the heart.

  3. Capillaries are the points of exchange of fluids, gasses, nutrients, and wastes between the blood and surrounding tissues.

  4. Smaller veins that gather blood from capillary beds into veins are called venules.

  5. Small arterioles branch into collections of capillaries known as capillary beds.

Show answer
Correct Option: B
Explanation:

Arteries are blood vessels that carry blood away from heart. Arteries carry blood from capillaries to the heart.

Which of the following is NOT a hormone?

  1. Calcitonin

  2. Melatonin

  3. Myosin

  4. Vasopressin

  5. Thyroxine

Show answer
Correct Option: C
Explanation:

Myosin is a principal contractile proteins found in muscle which forms thick filaments in myofibrils of muscle fibers.

Which of the following statements is FALSE?

  1. Carcinoma refers to benign tumours of the connective tissue.

  2. Common cold is not cured by antibiotics because it is a viral disease.

  3. Alzheimer disease in humans is associated with the deficiency of acetylcholine.

  4. Cirrhosis ofthe liver is caused by the chronic intake of alcohol.

  5. Parkinson’s disease is caused due to degeneration of dopamine releasing neurons.

Show answer
Correct Option: A
Explanation:

Carcinoma refers to malignant tumours of the skin or mucous membrane.

Hormone adiponectin secreted by adipose tissue is related to __________.

  1. energy homeostasis

  2. glucose and lipid metabolism

  3. obesity

  4. protective effect by combating lipid peroxidation

  5. thermogenesis

Show answer
Correct Option: B
Explanation:

Hormone adiponectin modulates glucose and lipid metabolism in muscle and liver.

Which of the following is the site of non-shivering thermogenesis?

  1. White adipose tissue

  2. Brown adipose tissue

  3. Skin

  4. Adrenal medulla

  5. Thyroid

Show answer
Correct Option: B
Explanation:

Brown adipocytes contain numerous smaller droplets and a much higher number of mitochondria, which make them brown. They are abundant in newborns and hibernating mammals.

Which of the following is the function of perilipin protein?

  1. Acts as a proton conduction pathway.

  2. Inhibits phosphodiesterase enzyme.

  3. Forms lipid droplets in adipocytes.

  4. Acts as a signal of energy sufficiency.

  5. Thermogenesis

Show answer
Correct Option: C
Explanation:

Perilipin protein is involved in the formation of lipid droplets in adipocytes, which inhibits lipolysis by preventing access to the lipase enzymes to the stored triacylglycerols.

Which of the following statements is the incorrect description of the structure mentioned?

  1. Urethra: Narrow tubes that take urine from the kidneys to the urinary bladder.

  2. Nephron: Structural and functional unit of the kidney.

  3. Bowman’s Capsule: A cup-like sac that surrounds the glomerulus at the beginning of the nephron.

  4. Loop of Henle: A U-shaped tubular structure that extends into the medulla of a nephron.

  5. Renal cortex: Outer portion of the kidney between the renal capsule and the renal medulla.

Show answer
Correct Option: A
Explanation:

Urethra: Duct from the urinary bladder to the exterior of the body that receives urine from the bladder and carries it to the outside of the body Ureter:  The tubes made of smooth muscle fibers that carry urine from the kidneys to the bladder.

Which of the following statements is the incorrect description of the sturcture mentioned?

  1. Larynx: Area at the top of the throat that contains the vocal cords and produces vocal sounds.

  2. Pharynx: Region of the digestive tract between the mouth and the oesophagus that serves as a passageway for food and air.

  3. Trachea: Tube that extends from the larynx to the bronchi and carries air to the lungs.

  4. Epiglottis: Opening between the vocal cords in the larynx.

  5. Pleura: Serous membrane that encloses the external surface of the lungs.

Show answer
Correct Option: D
Explanation:

Epiglottis is a thin piece of tissue at the back of the tongue that covers the opening of the larynx and the trachea while swallowing. Glottis is the opening between the vocal cords in the larynx.

The principal action of insulin in adipose tissue is to inhibit which of the following enzymes?

  1. Acetyl-Co A synthetase

  2. Hormone sensitive lipase

  3. Glycerol kinase

  4. Aldehyde dehydrogenase

  5. Lipoprotein lipase

Show answer
Correct Option: B
Explanation:

Activity of hormone sensitive lipase is inhibited by insulin, reducing the release of glycerol and fatty acids.

LDL receptor is defective in which of the following conditions?

  1. Twin lamb disease

  2. Abetalipoproteinemia

  3. Familial hypercholesterolemia

  4. LDL atherosclerosis

  5. Obstructive jaundice

Show answer
Correct Option: C
Explanation:

Familial hypercholesterolemia results in defective apoB-100, E LDL receptor, a genetic condition that increases blood LDL cholesterol level.

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