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Immune System

Description: proteins
Number of Questions: 15
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Tags: proteins Auto Immune Diseases Allergies: Cause and Symptoms Immune System of Human Body
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Which of the following is a class III molecule of the immune system?

Histocompatibility molecules are glycoproteins expressed at the surface of almost all vertebrate cells. The most rapid and severe rejection of foreign tissue occurs when there is a failure to properly match the donor and recipient for the major histocompatibility molecules. There are three categories of these molecules viz. I, II and III.

  1. Heat shock protein

  2. H2-K molecule

  3. HLA-A

  4. HLA-D


Correct Option: A
Explanation:

Heat shock proteins are class III molecules of the immune system.

Which of the following is not required for IgE mediated hypersensitivity?

  1. IgE antibody

  2. Mast cell

  3. Neutrophil

  4. Antigen-presenting cell


Correct Option: C
Explanation:

Neutrophils are not involved anywhere in IgE mediated hypersensitivity. Type 3 hypersensitivity is mediated by neutrophils.

Which of the following autoimmune diseases is characterised by an increase in WBC count and inflammation of blood vessels?

  1. Cogan's syndrome

  2. Churg-Strauss syndrome

  3. Erythema nodosum

  4. Thromboangiitis obliterans


Correct Option: B
Explanation:

Increase in WBC count along with inflammation of the blood vessels is seen in Churg-Strauss syndrome (CSS). The inflammation of blood vessels can restrict blood flow to vital organs and tissues, sometimes permanently damaging them.

What happens when type B blood is given to a person with type A blood?

  1. B Ag from the donor reacts with anti-B ab in the recipient.

  2. B Ag from the recipient reacts with anti-B ab in the recipient.

  3. B Ag from donor reacts with anti-A ab in the recipient.

  4. A Ag from donor reacts with anti-B ab in the recipient.


Correct Option: A
Explanation:

When type B blood is given to a person with type A blood, B Ag from the donor reacts with anti-B ab in the recipient. Complement is fixed and the red blood cells are lysed. Person with type A blood possesses type B antibodies. When type B blood is given to a person with type A blood, it causes lysis.

Skin lesions due to delayed hypersensitivity appear

  1. 48-72 hrs after second exposure

  2. 48-72 hrs after first exposure

  3. 24 hrs after first exposure

  4. 24 hrs after second exposure


Correct Option: D
Explanation:

Skin lesions appear 24 hrs after second exposure. 

Raynaud's phenomenon is observed in which of the following autoimmune diseases?

  1. Wegener's granulomatosis

  2. Systemic necrotizing vasculitides

  3. Sarcoidosis

  4. Diffuse scleroderma


Correct Option: D
Explanation:

Diffuse scleroderma can cause musculoskeletal, pulmonary, gastrointestinal, renal and other complications. Raynaud's phenomenon is observed in diffuse scleroderma. Raynaud's phenomenon causes excessive reduced blood flow in response to cold or emotional stress, discolouration of the fingers, toes and occasionally other areas.

Vasodilation in type 3 hypersensitivity is caused by

  1. neutrophils

  2. basophils

  3. eosinophils

  4. mast cells


Correct Option: B
Explanation:

Complement activation in blood vessels causes basophils to granulate, which causes vasodilation.

Which of the following is an example of mismatched blood transfusion?

  1. Type 1 hypersensitivity

  2. Type 2 hypersensitivity

  3. Type 3 hypersensitivity

  4. Type 4 hypersensitivity


Correct Option: B
Explanation:

Type 2 hypersensitivities involve interactions of surface antigens of cells followed by complement assisted lysis of cells. Mismatched blood transfusion is an example of type 2 hypersensitivity. On the basis of antigens on the cell surface, there are 4 blood groups and incompatibility exists if the blood containing different Ag is given.

MHC (Major Histocompatibility Complex) class I presents the epitope in which of the following cells?

  1. B-cells

  2. Antigen-presenting cells

  3. Killer T-cells

  4. Helper T-cells


Correct Option: C
Explanation:

MHC class I presents epitopes to killer T-cells, also called cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTLs).

Which of the following enzymes are responsible for peptide generation in MHC-I (Major Histocompatibility Complex-I) pathway?

  1. Endosomal proteosomes

  2. Lysosomal proteosomes

  3. Cytosolic proteosomes

  4. Nuclear proteosomes


Correct Option: C
Explanation:

Enzymes responsible for peptide generation in MHC-I pathway are cytosolic proteosomes.

Which of the following is termed as a lack of reaction by the body's defense mechanism to foreign substances?

  1. Allergy

  2. Anergy

  3. Allelic exclusion

  4. Immune tolerance


Correct Option: B
Explanation:

Anergy is a term in immunobiology that describes a lack of reaction by the body's defense mechanism to foreign substances. It consists of a direct induction of peripheral lymphocyte tolerance.

Schaumann bodies are observed inside Langhans giant cells in which of the following autoimmune diseases?

  1. Sjogren's syndrome

  2. Sarcoidosis

  3. Systemic necrotizing vasculitides

  4. Scleroderma


Correct Option: B
Explanation:

Schaumann bodies are observed in sarcoidosis. Schaumann bodies are calcium and protein inclusions inside Langhans giant cells (fused epithelial cells) as part of granuloma.

Lymphoplasmacytic sclerosing pancreatitis (LPSP) pattern is seen in which of the following autoimmune diseases?

  1. Type 1 autoimmune pancreatitis

  2. Type 2 autoimmune pancreatitis

  3. Type 3 autoimmune pancreatitis

  4. Sjogren's syndrome


Correct Option: A
Explanation:

Lymphoplasmacytic sclerosing pancreatitis (LPSP) is seen in type 1 autoimmune pancreatitis.

Which of the following pairs is incorrectly matched?

  1. Atopy - Immediate allergy

  2. Mantoux test - Delayed hypersensitivity

  3. Membranous nephropathy - Cytotoxic disease

  4. Rheumatic heart disease - Type II hypersensitivity


Correct Option: C
Explanation:

Membranous nephropathy is an immune complex disease, so it is wrong to call it cytotoxic disease.

MHC (Major Histocompatibility Complex) class II cell surface proteins are not expressed in which of the following cells?

  1. Dendritic cells

  2. Nucleated cells

  3. Antigen-presenting cells

  4. B-cells


Correct Option: B
Explanation:

MHC class I occurs in all nucleated cells, except RBCs.

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