1956 - DNA is made artificially

1969 - The first single gene is isolated

1970 - The first artificial gene

1983 - The first artificial chromosome

1998 – First draft of human genome is published

Lambda phage

P1 phage

T4 phage

MS2 phage

phi X 174 phage

Only 1

Only 2

1 and 2

1, 2 and 3

Only 4

P2 phage

phi 29 phage

Lambda phage

T12 phage

T2 phage

A cloning vector is a small piece of DNA into which a foreign DNA fragment can be inserted for cloning purposes.

Shuttle vectors can be used in both eukaryotes and prokaryotes.

Plasmids that can be propagated in cells of two or more different species are called expression vectors.

Plasmids are circular pieces of double stranded DNA that exist separately from chromosomal DNA.

Replacement vector is a cloning vector in which part of the normal genome is replaced by foreign DNA.

Alkaline protease

Neutral protease

Pullulanase

Penicillin amidase

β-glucanase

The Northern blotting is a laboratory method used to detect specific RNA molecules from a mixture of RNA molecules.

PCR is a laboratory technique for amplifying a specific DNA sequence.

Electroporation used to transfer polar molecules like DNA into host cells.

The Southern blotting technique depends on similarities between the sequences of probe RNA and experimental RNA.

Gel electrophoresis is a basic technique used to separate DNA, RNA or proteins.

Oxytetracycline, Bacitracin, Streptomycin

Chloramphenicol, Penicillin, Griseofulvin

Chloramphenicol, Oxytetracycline, Streptomycin

Chloramphenicol, Griseofulvin, Oxytetracycline

Streptomycin, Griseofulvin, Penicillin

MS2 phage, T12 phage, f1 phage

M13 phage, f1 phage, fd phage

M13 phage, T12 phage, fd phage

M13 phage, MS2 phage, f1 phage

T2 phage, f1 phage, fd phage

pullulanase and isoamylase

glucose isomerase and amylase

glucoamylase and amylase

isoamylase and amylase

glucoamylase and pullulanase

G. W. Carver – Father of agricultural biotechnology

G. J. Mendel – Father of human genetics

Haberlandt – Father of plant tissue culture

Karl Ereky – Coined the term biotechnology

Wilhelm Johannsen – Coined the term gene

Cryopreservation: Preserving germplasm in a frozen state

Biolistics: The technique of using very small metal particles coated with desired gene in the gene transfer

Biopotency: The measure of the ability of a material to have a specified biochemical function.

Bioethics: A moral guidance to the problems in biology

Biopiracy : An exploitation of bioresources without authentic permission

11 base pairs are present in one turn of DNA.

Anticodon occurs in transfer-RNA.

Adenine is an amino acid.

Distance between two strands of DNA is 15 Å.

Distance between two base pairs of DNA is 34 nm.

Adenosine: Adenine and ribose sugar

Guanidine: Guanine and ribose sugar

Nucleotide: Nitrogen base, sugar and phosphate

Nucleoside: Pentose sugar and nitrogen base

Both 2 and 4

1 - e, 2 - c, 3 - f, 4 - d, 5 - a

1 - a, 2 - c, 3 - b, 4 - d, 5 - e

1 - f, 2 - d, 3 - a, 4 - c, 5 - b

1 - a, 2 - b, 3 - d, 4 - a, 5 - f

1 - b, 2 - c, 3 - a, 4 - d, 5 - e