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Biology Test

Description: This tets contains 25 multiple choice questions on biology specifically for medical aspirants.
Number of Questions: 25
Created by:
Tags: leaves.roots stem etc Growth and Development Plant Growth and Development Plant Growth Regulators Root Roots Flower Leaf
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The plant structure such as a fruit, anther etc. opens at maturity.This phenomenon is known as

  1. dehiscence

  2. anthesis

  3. circumscissile

  4. abscission


Correct Option: A
Explanation:

Dehiscence is the opening, at maturity, of a plant structure, such as a fruit, anther, or sporangium, to release its contents. Sometimes this involves the complete detachment of a part. Structures that open in this way are said to be dehiscent.

The developmental processes in plants like stem elongation, germination, dormancy, etc. are governed by

  1. auxins

  2. abscisic acid

  3. cytokinins

  4. gibberellins


Correct Option: D
Explanation:

Gibberellins (GAs) are plant hormones that regulate growth and influence various developmental processes, including stem elongation, germination, dormancy, flowering, sex expression, enzyme induction, and leaf and fruit senescence.

The dehiscence occuring upon drying is termed as

  1. poricidal dehiscence

  2. septicidal dehiscence

  3. xerochasy

  4. hygrochasy


Correct Option: C
Explanation:

Xerochasy is dehiscence that occurs upon drying.

The plant which lives for more than two years is known as a/an

  1. annual plant

  2. perennial plant

  3. biennial plant

  4. monocarpic plant


Correct Option: B
Explanation:

A perennial plant is a plant that lives for more than two years.

The plants reproducing only once in their lifetime are termed as

  1. polycarpic

  2. semelparous

  3. plietesials

  4. hapaxanth


Correct Option: B
Explanation:

Semelparous organisms reproduce only once in their lifetime, such as annual plants (including all grain crops), and certain species of salmon, spiders, bamboos and centru plants. Often, they die shortly after reproduction.

The outgrowths on the surface of plants caused by certain parasites is known as

  1. galls

  2. virgate

  3. acme

  4. stolon


Correct Option: A
Explanation:

Galls or cecidia are outgrowths on the surface of lifeforms caused by invasion by other lifeforms, such as parasites or bacterial infection. Plant galls are abnormal outgrowths of plant tissues and can be caused by various parasites, from fungi and bacteria to insects and mites.

Which of the following buds lies dormant beneath the bark?

  1. Accessory bud

  2. Adventitious bud

  3. Latent bud

  4. Epicormic bud


Correct Option: D
Explanation:

Epicormic buds lie dormant beneath the bark, their growth is suppressed by hormones from active shoots higher up the plant.

In which of the following inflorescence, the florets are densely crowded along the axis?

  1. Spadix

  2. Raceme

  3. Spike

  4. Umbel


Correct Option: A
Explanation:

A spadix is a form of spike in which the florets are densely crowded along the axis. They are enclosed or accompanied by a highly specialized bract called a spathe and are a characteristic of the Araceae family.

Most aerial roots and stilt roots belong to

  1. adventitious roots

  2. tap roots

  3. fibrous roots

  4. pneumatophores


Correct Option: A
Explanation:

Adventitious roots arise out-of-sequence from the more usual root formation of branches of a primary root, and instead originate from the stem, branches, leaves, or old woody roots. They commonly occur in monocots and pteridophytes, but also in many dicots, such as clover (Trifolium), ivy (Hedera), strawberry (Fragaria) and willow (Salix). Most aerial roots and stilt roots are adventitious.

Which among the following is the outer layer of the leaf?

  1. The epidermis

  2. Palisade layer

  3. Spongy layer

  4. Veins


Correct Option: A
Explanation:

The epidermis is the outer layer of cells covering the leaf. It forms the boundary separating the plant's inner cells from the external world. The epidermis serves several functions: protection against water loss by way of transpiration, regulation of gas exchange, secretion of metabolic compounds, and (in some species) absorption of water.

In which type of arrangement are the leaves arranged in a circular pattern?

  1. Alternate

  2. Opposite

  3. Whorled

  4. Rosulate


Correct Option: D
Explanation:

Here the leaves form a rosette. A rosette is a circular arrangement of leaves with all the leaves at the same height.

The leaflets are arranged along mid-vein in

  1. palmately compound leaves

  2. pinnately compound leaves

  3. bipinnately compound leaves

  4. trifoliate pinnate leaves


Correct Option: B
Explanation:

Pinnately compound leaves have the leaflets arranged along the main or mid-vein.

Which of the following roots gives mechanical support to the plants ?

  1. Tuberous root

  2. Surface root

  3. Structural root

  4. Storage root


Correct Option: C
Explanation:

The large roots that have undergone considerable secondary thickening and provide mechanical support to woody plants and trees.

Parasitic plants possess

  1. stilt roots

  2. proteoid roots

  3. propagative roots

  4. haustorial roots


Correct Option: D
Explanation:

These are the roots of parasitic plants that can absorb water and nutrients from another plant, such as in mistletoe (Viscum album) and dodder.

Which of the following roots have undergone secondary thickening?

  1. Fine roots

  2. Coarse roots

  3. Contractile roots

  4. Aerial roots


Correct Option: B
Explanation:

These are the roots that have undergone secondary thickening and have a woody structure. These roots have some ability to absorb water and nutrients, but their main function is transport and to provide a structure to connect the smaller diameter fine roots to the rest of the plant.

The roots commonly found in monocots and pteridophytes are

  1. cluster roots

  2. aerating roots

  3. adventitious roots

  4. aerial roots


Correct Option: C
Explanation:

Adventitious roots arise out-of-sequence from the more usual root formation of branches of a primary root, and instead originate from the stem, branches, leaves, or old woody roots. They commonly occur in monocots and pteridophytes, but also in many dicots, such as clover (Trifolium), ivy (Hedera), strawberry (Fragaria) and willow (Salix).

The roots modified for breathing are

  1. propagative roots

  2. haustorial roots

  3. pneumatophores

  4. stranglers


Correct Option: C
Explanation:

These specialized aerial roots enable plants to breathe air in habitats that have waterlogged soil. The roots may grow down from the stem, or up from typical roots.

In grafting, the detached twig or shoot is termed as

  1. scion

  2. rootstock

  3. interstock

  4. cultivar


Correct Option: A
Explanation:

A piece of detached twig or shoot. The scion usually contains two or three buds, although it may contain more. When the scion is only a single bud, the form of grafting is known as budding.

The process in which an embryo develops without fertilization is called as

  1. Parthenogenesis

  2. Parthenocarpy

  3. Stenospermocarpy

  4. Cytomixis


Correct Option: A
Explanation:

Development of an embryo directly from an egg cell without fertilization is called parthenogenesis.

In which of the following methods of vegetative propagation is the plant broken up into two or more parts?

  1. Cutting

  2. Layering

  3. Division

  4. Budding


Correct Option: C
Explanation:

Division, is a method of asexual plant propagation, where the plant (usually an herbaceous perennial) is broken up into two or more parts. Both the root and crown of each part is kept intact.

The act of joining two plants or more together is known as

  1. simple layering

  2. plant tissue culture

  3. apomixis

  4. grafting


Correct Option: D
Explanation:

Grafting is the act of joining two plants together. The upper part of the graft (the scion) becomes the top of the plant, the lower portion (the understock) becomes the root system or part of the trunk. Although grafting usually refers to joining only two plants, it may be a combination of several.

In which of the following types of apomixis are the flowers replaced by bulbils?

  1. Nonrecurrent apomixis

  2. Recurrent apomixis

  3. Sporophytic apomixis

  4. Vegetative apomixis


Correct Option: D
Explanation:

In this type, the flowers are replaced by bulbils or other vegetative propagules, which frequently germinate while still on the plant. Vegetative apomixis is important in Allium, Fragaria, some grasses, etc.

The heavy-stemmed, closely branched shrubs are propogated through

  1. air layering

  2. mound layering

  3. compound layering

  4. tip layering


Correct Option: B
Explanation:

Mound (stool) layering is useful with heavy-stemmed, closely branched shrubs and rootstocks of tree fruits. Cut the plant back to 1 inch above the soil surface in the dormant season. Dormant buds will produce new shoots in the spring. Mound soil over the new shoots as they grow . Roots will develop at the bases of the young shoots. Remove the layers in the dormant season e.g., apple rootstocks, spirea, quince, daphne, magnolia, and cotoneaster.

Onion propagates through

  1. the rhizome

  2. the runners

  3. the adventitious buds

  4. the bulbs


Correct Option: D
Explanation:

Another type of  vegetative reproduction is the production of bulbs. Plants like onion (Allium cepa), hyacinth (Hyacinth), narcissus (Narcissus) and tulips (Tulipa) reproduce by forming bulbs.

A short, vertical, swollen underground plant stem serving as a storage organ is called as

  1. bulb

  2. tubers

  3. corm

  4. rhizome


Correct Option: C
Explanation:

A corm is a short, vertical, swollen underground plant stem that serves as a storage organ and used by some plants to survive winter or other adverse conditions such as summer drought and heat (estivation).

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