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Biotechnology and Its Applications (Class - XII)

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Karyotyping can be done from

  1. only the sex cells in our body

  2. any cells in our body

  3. only the embryonic cells in our body

  4. only the uterus cells in our body


Correct Option: B
Explanation:

Cells in blood, hair, finger nails and any other tissue in our body can be cultured to create a karyotype of the chromosomes. 

By analysing a number of somatic cell hybrid lines for enzyme activities and their human chromosome constitution, the doctors can find out

  1. the number of chromosomes in the human genome

  2. the number of human chromosomes in each cell

  3. the location of gene on the chromosome that produces a specific enzyme

  4. the number of ribosomes in each cell


Correct Option: C
Explanation:

It is possible to correspond enzyme activity with a specific chromosome in a somatic cell hybrid.

Directions: The following question has four choices, out of which ONLY ONE is correct.

Testing an individual for HLA haplotype to determine risk of an autoimmune disease would be an example of

  1. diagnostic tests

  2. screening tests

  3. predispositional test

  4. predictive testing


Correct Option: C
Explanation:

Determination of HLA haplotype is based on association of particular haplotype with risk of disease, particularly an auto-immune disease. 

What is the first step in the southern blot technique?

  1. Denaturation of DNA on gel for hybridisation with specific probe

  2. Production of a group of genetically identical cells

  3. Digestion of DNA by restriction enzyme

  4. Isolation of DNA from a nucleated cell, such as the one from a scene of crime.


Correct Option: C
Explanation:

Southern blot is a procedure used for identifying a specific gene.

OCT, XAM and CAM are

  1. plasmids used in DNA probe

  2. plasmids helpful in bioremediation

  3. plasmids used to produce disease-resistant plants

  4. plasmids to promote conjugation

  5. none of the above


Correct Option: B
Explanation:

OCT, XAM and CAM are plasmids seen in Pseudomonas putida as anti-pollutants.

Which of the following is NOT a method applied in humans' genetic analysis?

  1. Karyotyping

  2. Pedigree analysis

  3. RFLP analysis

  4. Test cross


Correct Option: D
Explanation:

Deliberate crosses are not used in studying the inheritance patterns of human beings.

Industrial production of enzymes, vitamins, vaccines, biofertilisers, etc. is done by

  1. tissue culture

  2. cloning

  3. fusion techniques

  4. biotechnology


Correct Option: D
Explanation:

Biotechnology helps in industrial production of enzymes, vitamins, vaccines, biofertilisers, etc.

The first human hormone produced by recombinant DNA technology was

  1. STH

  2. thyroxin

  3. insulin

  4. None of these


Correct Option: C
Explanation:

The first human hormone produced by recombinant DNA technology was insulin.

Electroporation in genetics is

  1. introduction of genetic material to a transgenic animal

  2. introduction of genetic material through viruses

  3. manipulation of cells by exposing them to strong electrical field

  4. injecting DNA into the egg through electrophoresis


Correct Option: C
Explanation:

Electroporation is a technique used to add certain substances, such as a piece of DNA, into the host cell.

Useful genes are incorporated into a variety through genetic engineering method of crop improvement by means of

  1. plasmids

  2. microinjection

  3. co-cultivation

  4. All of the above


Correct Option: D
Explanation:

Useful genes are incorporated into a variety through genetic engineering method of crop improvement by means of plasmids, co-cultivation and microinjection.

Modern detergents contain enzyme preparations of

  1. thermophiles

  2. acidophiles

  3. alkaliphiles

  4. thermoacidophiles


Correct Option: C
Explanation:

A recent development in detergent enzymes has been the introduction of an alkaline-stable fungal cellulase preparation for use in washing cotton fabrics. 

In which field is the role of genes in regulating metabolic pathways studied?

  1. Eugenics

  2. Genetic engineering

  3. Biotechnology

  4. Functional genomics


Correct Option: D
Explanation:

Functional genomics: The study of role of genes in regulating metabolic pathways

A heterologous protein for its expression in the milk of transgenic animals should be under the control of the promoter of the gene coding for

  1. lac Z

  2. beta-lactoglobulin

  3. beta-globin

  4. preproinsulin


Correct Option: B
Explanation:

A heterologous protein for its expression in the milk of transgenic animals should be under the control of the promoter of the gene coding for beta-lactoglobulin.

The application of biotechnology includes aspects like

  1. nature of biomolecules

  2. production of transgenic animals

  3. functions of cell organelles

  4. culture of animals


Correct Option: B
Explanation:

Biotechnology has applications in areas of pollution control, pharmacology, production of transgenic animals and public health.

Biopiracy is

  1. the formation of transgenic plants

  2. another name of biopatent

  3. the legal removal of biological material

  4. the illegal removal of biological material


Correct Option: D
Explanation:

Biopiracy is the illegal removal of biological material.

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