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Morphology and Physiology of Angiosperms

Description: This test will help the students to revise the topics thoroughly.
Number of Questions: 15
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Tags: Formation Of Embryo And Endosperm Meristematic Tissue Development of Seeds and Fruits Post-fertilisation Changes Root Roots Leaf Permanent Tissue Simple Permanent Tissues
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The plant tissue being present dominantly in seed walls and in the flesh of certainfruits like pineapples is ___________.

  1. sclereids

  2. tracheids

  3. parenchyma

  4. xylem fibres

  5. trachea


Correct Option: A
Explanation:

They are found in fruit or seed walls and also in the flesh of apples and pineapple. The cells may be living or dead, but short and variously shaped. Their cell wall is heavily thickened with many pit lines unevenly distributed.

Legumes are plants that bare their fruit in pods. The sclereids found in the sub-epidermal covering of legume seeds is ___________.

  1. filiform sclereids

  2. astrosclereids

  3. osteosclereids

  4. macrosclereids

  5. brachysclereids


Correct Option: C
Explanation:

These are bone-like or columnar with swollen ends. For example: Sub-epidermal covering of legume seeds.

Cross-section of a typical monocot root shows following structures. Which of the following layers are formed by single layer of compactly arranged, barrel-shaped parenchymatous cells?

  1. Stele

  2. Pericycle

  3. Vascular bundles

  4. Cortex

  5. Epiblema


Correct Option: E
Explanation:

Epiblema is the outermost covering of the root formed by single layer of compactly arranged, barrel-shaped parenchyma cells. The cells are characteristically thin-walled, since they are involved in absorption of water. A cuticle and stomata are absent. Some of the epiblema cells are produced into long unicellular projections called root hairs. Hence, the epiblema is also known as piliferous layer.

In the flowering plants, the parenchyma cells are involved in different functions. Which among the following parechyma cells is meant for storage of reserve food?

  1. Arenchyma

  2. Medullary parenchyma

  3. Armed parenchyma

  4. Conjunctive parenchyma

  5. Prosenchyma


Correct Option: B
Explanation:

Medullary parenchyma is the parenchyma which is found radially arranged in between the vascular bundles in the stem. It is meant for storage of reserve food.

Which among the following statements regarding the transverse section through the midrib region of a typical dorsi-ventral leaf is false?

  1. Intercellular spaces are absent in epidermis.

  2. Mesophyll is exclusively composed of sclerenchymatous cells.

  3. Palisade parenchyma contains a very large number of chloroplasts.

  4. Spongy parenchyma contains very few chloroplasts.

  5. Veins represent the vascular bundles.


Correct Option: B
Explanation:

Mesophyll is the ground tissue that occurs between the two epidermal layers. It is exclusively composed of chlorenchyma cells. The mesophyll is characteristically differentiated into two regions namely, an upper palisade parenchyma and a lower spongy parenchyma.

Which of the following can be excluded from the main adaptations of non-vascular plants?

  1. They reproduce both asexually and sexually.

  2. The rate of evaporation is slow.

  3. The sporophyte grows as a parasite on the gametophyte.

  4. The non-vascular plant usually grows in dry places.

  5. These plants possess rhizoids.


Correct Option: D
Explanation:

Non-vascular plants usually grow in moist and shady places. The moist environment is essential for easy uptake of water as they lack the vascular tissues like xylem and phloem.

Which among the following statements regarding the alternation of generations in plants is incorrect?

  1. Two single-celled haploid gametes fuse to form a single-celled diploid zygote.

  2. Zygote divides by mitosis and form sporophytes.

  3. The sporophyte produces one or more sporangia.

  4. The single-celled haploid spore divides by meiosis and forms gametophyte.

  5. The gametophyte produce one or more gametangia.


Correct Option: D
Explanation:

The single-celled haploid spore germinates, dividing by the normal process (mitosis), which maintains the number of chromosomes at n. The result is a multi-cellular haploid organism, called the gametophyte (because it produces gametes at maturity).

A transverse section of any dicot root concedes the following details. Among these, the passage cells are characteristically found in __________.

  1. Epiblema

  2. Cortex

  3. Pericycle

  4. Endodermis

  5. Vascular bundles


Correct Option: D
Explanation:

It is the innermost layer of cortex formed by compactly arranged barrel-shaped cells. Some of the cells in the endodermis are thin-walled and are known as passage cells. The passage cells allow water to pass into the xylem vessels. 

Which among the following provides nutrients during the early development of the plant before starting the process of photosynthesis?

  1. Strobilus

  2. Calyptra

  3. Cotyledons

  4. Integuments

  5. Locules


Correct Option: C
Explanation:

Two large green hemispherical structures which enclose the embryonic axis are called as the cotyledons. The cotyledons may be one or two in number depending on the type of plant. The cotyledons are important becausetheyt give nutrients during the early development of the plant before starting the process of photosynthesis.  

The cells which form the permanent tissues, exhibit some special characteristic features. Which among the following features regarding those cells is incorrect?

  1. Absence of ergastic substances.

  2. The cell wall may be either thin or thick.

  3. Every cell has either one or two large and prominent vacuoles.

  4. Granular cytoplasm.

  5. The cells vary in size and shape considerably.


Correct Option: A
Explanation:

Ergastic substances are almost always present in the form of secretory products, storage products or excretory products.

Which of the following regions in the ground tissue is associated with suberin?

  1. Pith

  2. Endodermis

  3. Pericycle

  4. Hypodermis

  5. Cortex


Correct Option: B
Explanation:

Endodermis is the inner most layer of cortex represented by a single layer of compactly arranged barrel-shaped parenchyma cells. In the stem, it is meant for storage. In the root, it plays an important role in the movement of absorbed water. Some of the cells in the root endodermis contain secondary thickenings called casparian thickenings, formed by a waxy substance called suberin.

Which among the following is a primary macronutrient required by the plants?

  1. Magnesium

  2. Silicon

  3. Calcium

  4. Phosphorus

  5. Sulphur


Correct Option: D
Explanation:

Phosphorus is important in plant bioenergetics. As a component of ATP, phosphorus is needed for the conversion of light energy to chemical energy (ATP) during photosynthesis. It is a primary macronutrient of the plants.

The deficiency of _______________ causes coloration abnormalities, such as discolored spots on the leafage in the plants.

  1. nitrogen

  2. potassium

  3. iron

  4. boron

  5. manganese


Correct Option: E
Explanation:

Manganese is necessary for photosynthesis, including the building of chloroplasts. Manganese deficiency may result in coloration abnormalities, such as discolored spots on the foliage.

The photosynthetic pigment acting as the terminal acceptor of energy in phycobiliproteins is ___________.

  1. phycourobilin

  2. phycoerythrobilin

  3. phycoerythrin

  4. phycocyanobilin

  5. phycocyanin


Correct Option: D
Explanation:

Phycocyanobilin is a blue phycobilin, i.e. a tetrapyrrole chromophore found in cyanobacteria and in the chloroplasts of red algae, glaucophytes and some cryptomonads. Phycocyanobilin is present only in the phycobiliproteins allophycocyanin and phycocyanin, of which it is the terminal acceptor of energy.

Which of the following acts as the first electron carrier intermediate in the electron transfer pathway of photosystem II(PS II) in green plants?

  1. Chlorophyll b

  2. Chlorophyll a

  3. Pheophytin

  4. Carotenes

  5. Xanthophylls


Correct Option: C
Explanation:

Pheophytin is a chemical compound that serves as the first electron carrier intermediate in the electron transfer pathway of photosystem II (PS II) in plants and the photosynthetic reaction center (RC P870) found in purple bacteria.

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