The nasopulmonary and nasothoracic reflexes govern the mechanism of breathing through deepening the inhale. Triggered by the flow of air, the pressure of the air in the nose, and the quality of the air, impulses from the nasal mucosa are transmitted by the trigeminal nerve to the breathing centres in the brainstem and the generated response is transmitted to the bronchi, the intercostal muscles and the diaphragm.

In contrast to pneumonic eosinophilias, which often progresses to pulmonary fibrosis, bronchial aspergillosis is present with asthma.

The hilum of the lung is a triangular part, which allows the other structures forming the root of the lung to enter and exit. It permits arteries, veins, nerves, bronchi and other structures to enter and exit.

This is a typical feature of idiopathic fibrosing alveolitis.

During the act of expiration, the diaphragm potentially relaxes and the elastic recoil of the lungs, chest wall and abductor muscles compresses the lungs.

It is the volume of gas remaining in the lungs at the end of a normal tidal expiration. It is the balance point between the inward elastic recoil of the lungs and the outward elastic recoil of the chest wall.

It is a conical extension of right ventricle in the heart of mammals from which pulmonary artery originates.

The airways epithelium play a crucial role in protecting pulmonary tissue from foreign substances by synthesising, mechanical, innate and acquired host defense systems. Airborne particles including pathogens, are absorbed by the layer of mucus lining the airways, where they are destroyed and removed through mucociliary and cough clearance.

When the body temperature begins to rise, a negative feedback response works to counteract and stop the rise in temperature. Thus, sweating is a suitable example of negative feedback.

Gases are non-polar and can cross the lipid bilayer with ease. They therefore, do not need specific mechanisms to cross the plasma membrane. The lipid bilayer is permeable to water molecules, oxygen and carbon dioxide. They diffuse freely in and out of the cell.

The citrate goes through a series of chemical transformations, losing two carboxyl groups as CO₂. The carbons donated by acetyl-CoA become a part of the oxaloacetate carbon backbone after the first turn of the citric acid cycle.

Oleic acid is a fatty acid that occurs naturally in various animal and vegetable fats and oils. It is emitted by the decaying corpses of a number of insects, including bees and Pogonomyrmex ants. Its RQ value is 0.71.

Adrenaline is only used in status asthmaticus and never in mild asthma.

Alveolar air is the gas in the pulmonary alveoli, where O₂-CO₂ exchange with pulmonary capillary blood occurs. Some amount of air remains in the various parts of the respiratory tract. The air in the trachea and bronchi (where no diffusion occurs) is called dead space air (350 ml). The air remaining in the alveoli or air sacs is alveolar air (150 ml).

There is no reliable correlation between skin prick testing and food allergy.

It is the correct statement as the dead space is the volume of air which is inhaled but does not take part in the gas exchange. It either remains in the conducting airways or reaches alveoli that are not perfused or poorly perfused.

Posterior cricoarytenoid is the ligament that passes downward from the posterior border of the arytenoid cartilage to the lamina of the cricoid cartilage. Posterior cricoarytenoid muscles abduct and externally rotate the arytenoid cartilages resulting in abducted vocal folds.

The thyroid cartilage is the largest of the laryngeal cartilages. It is formed by a right and a left lamina that are separated posteriorly. This forms the Adam's apple. It is usually larger in males than in females. The thyrohyoid membrane is a ligament associated with the thyroid cartilage that connects the thyroid cartilage with the hyoid bone.

It is a genetic condition in which mucus does not clear easily from the airways. The excess mucus causes repeated episodes of bronchitis and pneumonia throughout the life.

The nasal cavity is a hollow space within the nose and skull that is lined with hairs and mucus membrane. It provides enough surface area for the inhaled air to be warmed and moistened, within fractions of a second, before reaching the lungs.

Stridor is an abnormal high-pitched breathing sound that is produced from turbulent air flow in the larynx or lower in the bronchial tree. Stridor is a physical sign which is caused by a narrowed or obstructed airway.