Eastern blot is a technique to detect protein post translational modification and is an extension of the biochemical technique of western blotting.

DNA shuffling and genome shuffling are homologous recombination methods.

First viruses to be used as vectors in gene therapy experiments were retroviruses.
Retroviruses are used for inserting a normal gene into the genome to replace an abnormal disease causing gene. In gene therapy of ADA-SCID or ADA deficiency, haemophilia b, rheumatoid arthritis, etc.

The western blot (also known as immunoblot) is used to detect specific proteins in a given sample of tissue homogenate or extract. The method was invented and named by W. Neal Burnette.

A and R both are correct and R is not correct explanation of A. Transposition starts by forming a strand transfer complex in which the transposon is connected to the target site through one strand at each end. Replicative Transposition Proceeds through a Cointegrate. Replication of a strand transfer complex generates a cointegrate, which is a fusion of the donor and target replicons. The cointegrate has two copies of the transposon, which lie between the original replicons. Recombination between the transposon copies regenerates the original replicons, but the recipient has gained a copy of the transposon.

Correct option

Random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) is a method that reveals intra-specific variation and diversity between species.

PHYLIP (PHYLogeny Inference Package) is a free computational phylogenetics package of programs for inferring evolutionary trees (phylogenies).

Respiratory epithelial cells are target tissues for gene therapy for the treatment of respiratory insufficiency in Mucoviscidosis. Skin fibroblasts are target tissues for gene therapy for the treatment of Christmas disease Synovial membrane (the soft tissue found between the articular capsule and the joint cavity of synovial joints) are target tissues for gene therapy for the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis.

Transposition occurs by both Replicative and Nonreplicative Mechanisms. All transposons use a common mechanism in which staggered nicks are made in target DNA, the transposon is joined to the protruding ends, and the gaps are filled. The order of events and exact nature of the connections between transposon and target DNA determine whether transposition is replicative or nonreplicative. Precise excision describes the removal of a transposon plus one of the duplicated target sequences from the chromosome. Imprecise excision occurs when the transposon removes itself from the original insertion site, but leaves behind some of its sequence.

In silico PCR refers to computational tools used to calculate theoretical polymerase chain reaction results using a given set of primers to amplify DNA sequences from a sequenced genome or transcriptome.

Rifampicin inhibits bacterial DNA-dependent RNA synthesis by inhibiting bacterial DNA-dependent RNA polymerase.

All are natural plant growth regulators. Indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) is the most common, naturally-occurring, natural plant growth regulator hormone of the auxin class. Gibberellic Acid (GA3) is an important natural plant growth regulator that is used commercially to increase plant growth and crop yields. Zeatin is a member of the plant growth regulator hormone family known as cytokinins.

Amoxicillin, Vancomycin, Bacitracin all inhibit bacterial cell wall synthesis.

Aromatic amino acids can be detected by Xanthoproteic reaction. Edman’s reaction can be used to determine the amino acid sequence of a protein. Millon’s test is for identification of tyrosine. Hopkins-Cole test is for identification of tryptophan.