• Disorders of the Female Reproductive System (GATE - XL)
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Disorders of the Female Reproductive System (GATE - XL)

Description: Reproductive System
Number of Questions: 15
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Tags: Reproduction Women Pregnancy Disorders of the Female Reproductive System GATE Life Sciences Zoology The Reproductive System
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Myometrium is the muscular layer of the uterine wall. The condition, in which placenta penetrates the myometrium is known as

  1. placenta accreta

  2. placenta percreta

  3. placenta increta

  4. placenta myometria

Show answer
Correct Option: C
Explanation:

Placenta increta occurs when the placenta penetrates the myometrium. 17% pregnancies develop the condition of placenta increta.

Which of the following events takes place during a molar pregnancy?

  1. Tumour develops into the uterus.

  2. Foetus slips into the abdominal cavity.

  3. Foetus implants inside the uterus.

  4. Two eggs are fertilised, one outside the uterus and one inside.

Show answer
Correct Option: A
Explanation:

Molar pregnancies result in the development of a tumour in the uterus. A molar pregnancy starts when an egg is fertilised, but instead of a normal, viable pregnancy resulting, the placenta develops into an abnormal mass of cysts. Eventually, the embryo dies.

Which of the following characterises dystocia?

  1. Complicated gestation period

  2. Complicated labour and delivery

  3. Complication in conceiving

  4. Complication in placenta

Show answer
Correct Option: B
Explanation:

Dystocia is a term used for complicated labour and delivery. The baby does not exit the pelvis during childbirth due to being physically blocked. It can lead to the death of the baby and is a risk to the mother.

Wertheim-Meigs operation is performed for

  1. placental tube abnormalities

  2. cervical cancer

  3. ovarian cancer

  4. removal of ovaries

Show answer
Correct Option: B
Explanation:

Wertheim-Meigs operation is a surgical procedure for the treatment of cervical cancer. It is performed by way of an abdominal incision.

Which of the following is a surgical procedure in humans that repairs a defect in the wall of the vagina?

  1. Colporrhaphy

  2. Colpocleisis

  3. Salpingoophorectomy

  4. Labiaplasty

Show answer
Correct Option: A
Explanation:

Colporrhaphy is a surgical procedure in humans that repairs a defect in the wall of the vagina. The repair may be to either or both of the anterior or posterior vaginal walls.

Hysterosalpingography (HSG) is a radiologic procedure to investigate the shape of the uterine cavity and the shape and patency of the fallopian tubes. It should be performed during which of the following phases of menstrual cycle?

  1. Ovulation phase

  2. Luteal phase

  3. Follicular phase

  4. Uterine phase

Show answer
Correct Option: C
Explanation:

Hysterosalpingography should be done in the follicular phase of the cycle.

Gravidia 3 para 2 implies which of the following on the pregnancy chart?

  1. 3 pregnancies 2 live births

  2. 3 live births 2 pregnancies

  3. 3 still births 2 pregnancies

  4. 3 pregnancies 2 cesareans

Show answer
Correct Option: A
Explanation:

Gravidia 3 para 2 means 3 pregnancies and 2 live births.

In which of the following complications of pregnancy is placenta inserted partially or wholly in the lower uterine segment?

  1. Abruptio placentae

  2. Placenta previa

  3. Placental insufficiency

  4. Placental infarction

Show answer
Correct Option: B
Explanation:

In placenta previa, placenta is inserted partially or wholly in the lower uterine segment. It is hypothesised to be related to abnormal vascularisation of the endometrium caused by scarring or atrophy from previous trauma, surgery or infection.

Thrombophilia is a condition where blood has an increased tendency to form clots. In which of the following conditions do blood clots in the placenta take place causing miscarriage or other problems like growth restriction of the foetus, pre-eclampsia or, rarely, foetal death?

  1. Antiphospholipid syndrome

  2. Hyperhomocysteinaemia

  3. Paroxysmal nocturnal haemoglobinuria

  4. Elevated factor VIII

Show answer
Correct Option: A
Explanation:

In antiphospholipid syndrome, blood clots are formed in the placenta which may cause miscarriage or other problems like growth restriction of the foetus, pre-eclampsia or, rarely, foetal death.

Colposcopy is used if a health care provider finds problems or abnormal cells during a pelvic exam or Pap test. It is done to observe which of the following?

  1. Ovaries

  2. Fallopian tubes

  3. Uterus

  4. Cervix

Show answer
Correct Option: D
Explanation:

Colposcopy is used to view the opening of the uterus (cervix) to see certain changes in the cervical wall, such as abnormal blood vessels, tissue structure, colour and patterns.

Uterine artery embolisation technique is used

  1. for removing a thin layer of tissue in the uterus

  2. for removal of uterus

  3. for getting rid of non-cancerous tumours in the uterus

  4. for getting rid of cancerous tumours in the uterus

Show answer
Correct Option: C
Explanation:

Correct Answer: to get rid of non-cancerous tumours in the uterus

Pre-eclampsia is a disorder of pregnancy manifested by high blood pressure, high amount of protein in the urine and seizures. Which of the following kinds of seizures are experienced by a person with pre-eclampsia?

  1. Myoclonic type

  2. Tonic-clonic type

  3. Febrile type

  4. Atonic type

Show answer
Correct Option: B
Explanation:

A person with pre-eclampsia experiences tonic-clonic type of seizures. They are characterised by unconsciousness, convulsions and muscle rigidity.

Which of the following names is given to surgical incision of perineum and the posterior vaginal wall to enlarge the opening for delivery?

  1. Hysterectomy

  2. Symphysiotomy

  3. Episiotomy

  4. Resuscitative hysterotomy

Show answer
Correct Option: C
Explanation:

An episiotomy is an incision through the area between vaginal opening and the anus called perineum. It’s done to make the vaginal opening larger for childbirth.

Which of the following functions suffers due to the condition called dyspareunia?

  1. Menstruation

  2. Sexual intercourse

  3. Pregnancy

  4. Delivery

Show answer
Correct Option: B
Explanation:

Dyspareunia is the term for painful, difficult or abnormal sexual intercourse. Pain could occur due to medical or psychological issues.

Pelvic inflammatory disease or pelvic inflammatory disorder (PID) is an infection of the upper part of the female reproductive system namely the uterus, fallopian tubes and ovaries and inside of the pelvis. Which of the following pairs of organisms is involved in most of the cases of PID?

  1. Candida albicans and Mycobacterium fortuitum

  2. Peptostreptococcus asaccharolyticus and Peptostreptococcus anaerobius

  3. Gardnerella vaginalis and Atopobium vaginae

  4. Chlamydia trachomatis and Neisseria gonorrhoeae

Show answer
Correct Option: D
Explanation:

Chlamydia trachomatis and Neisseria gonorrhoeae are usually the main cause of PID. They are associated with most PIDs.

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