GLP-1 is produced by L-cells of small intestine. GLP-1 possesses several physiological properties that make it useful in the treatment of diabetes mellitus.

Correct Answer: GLP-1, oxyntomodulin and PYY3-36

Secretin stimulates the release of a watery bicarbonate solution from the pancreatic and bile duct epithelium to buffer the incoming protons of the acidic chyme.

Enteroglucagon decreases the motility of fats and glucose to allow sufficient time for these nutrients to be absorbed.

Correct Answer: Promoting insulin sensitivity

Secretin is produced in the duodenum. It stimulates the pancreas to produce alkaline secretions and slows the emptying of the stomach.

Secretin plays a vital role in osmoregulation by acting on the hypothalamus, pituitary gland and kidneys.

Somatostatin acts directly on the acid-producing parietal cells to reduce acid secretion.

GIP is produced by the K-cells. They are found in the mucosa of the duodenum and the jejunum of the gastrointestinal tract

Gastrin releasing peptide activates three different G-protein-coupled BBR-1, -2 and -3 receptors.

William Bayliss and Ernest Starling discovered secretin hormone in 1902. It was the first chemical messanger that was identified.

Motilin increases the release of pancreatic polypeptide.

Target organs of secretin are stomach, pancreas and liver. Secretin inhibits the production of gastric juice in stomach and stimulates the production of hydrogencarbonate ions in the pancreatic juice in pancreas and bile juice in liver.

Caffeine increases stomach acid secretion by directly stimulating parietal cells, bypassing the gastrin control mechanism.

Besides regulating appetite, ghrelin plays a vital role in regulating the distribution and rate of use of energy.