Capacitors are the components used to store electric charges and release them according to the requirement.

Semiconductors are the electronic components which posses properties of conductors as well as insulators.

The ability to resist the variation of electric current is known as inductance. Because of the basic property of the inductor, it opposes the sudden change in current. If it doesn't oppose the current, then the voltage across the inductor should be infinite which is practicaly not possible with any finite source.

A transistor has 3 terminals.

Full wave rectifier allows AC to flow continuously in one direction.

The process of converting alternating current (AC) into unidirectional current is known as rectification.

In a full wave rectifier, 2 diodes are used for rectification.

Amplification is the name of process of increasing the strength of electrical signals.

The electrical oscillations obtained from a microphone corresponding to the sound waves are called sound signals.

Amplifier is the device used for amplification.

Capacitors which use an electrolyte as a dielectric are known as electrolytic capacitors. 

Integrated circuits are known as the brain of a computer.

Silicon is the only semiconductor in the above elements.

The ability to store charges is known as capacitance. The inductor stores energy in the form of magnetic fields and rest of the two options are dissipative elements which don't store energy. 

The unit of inductance is Henry.