Exception 2 of Section 300 states that culpable homicide is not murder if the offender, in the exercise of good faith of the right of private defence of a person, exceeds the power.

Robbery is an aggravated form of theft or extortion. So, it is clear and legally true that theft or extortion precedes robbery. Thus, R is the correct explanation of A.

All of the above are offences against women.

This is correct. Exception 2 of Section 300 states that culpable homicide is not murder if the offender, in the exercise of good faith of the right of private defence of a person, exceeds the power.

Under criminal law, theft is committed when a person's property is taken without his consent by someone. For the offence of theft, there must be dishonest intention on the part of the offender while taking property.

A motive is not an essential element for computing the liability for an offence. A motive behind the offence may be good or bad.

Theft and extortion precedes robbery and robbery precedes dacoity. Thus, dacoity is punishable in four stages. These stages are theft, extortion, robbery and dacoity.

All the three cases stated above include the essentials for the offence of cheating.

Extortion is robbery if the offender, in the presence of the person put in fear, commits the extortion by putting that person in fear of instant death, hurt or wrongful restraint and induces him to deliver up the thing extorted. Theft is robbery if in order to the committing of the theft, the offender for that end voluntarily causes death, hurt or wrongful restraint. When A asked X to part with belongings, he has committed robbery by extortion. When A snatches away a gold chain, he has committed robbery by theft.

As A entered the house with the intention of committing theft, an offence of criminal trespass is complete. Whether he committed an offence of theft or not has no value. In fourth case, in spite of notice board, A passed through B’s land so as to annoy B. Thus, he is liable for criminal trespass. A student’s entry into a girl’s house to annoy her makes him liable for criminal trespass. A landlord completes the essentials of criminal trespass to make him liable for his act.

Any property includes movable and immovable property both; valuable security or anything signed or sealed which may be converted into a valuable security.

A is guilty of causing death by negligence under section 304A of the Indian Penal Code. The provision of this section applies where there is no intention to cause death that the act done in all probability would cause death. A’s intention in above mentioned facts were not malafide. Hence, he is not liable for murder and will be liable for causing death by negligence.

Assertion is correct with regard to provisions of dacoity provided under criminal law. Dacoity is always committed by five or more persons.

Slap on the eye is not a kind of grievous hurt, neither in criminal nor in general.

A is guilty for causing death by negligence under section 304A of the Indian Penal Code. The provision of this section applies where there is no intention to cause death that the act done in all probability would cause death. A’s intentions were not malafide. Hence, he is not liable for murder and will be liable for causing death by negligence.