The antiparallel nature of DNA molecule is primarily due to structure of deoxyribose sugar (it lacks an oxygen at 2') that causes the difference in chemical polarity and the directionalism of phosphodiester bonds makes the polarity zero.

The deoxyribose sugar has an 'H' instead of 'OH' at 2' position. The nitrogenous bases binds to the 1' position of the sugars by glycosidic bonds. Silencing of the 1' position will hinder the glycosidic bond formation and thereby disrupting the complete structure.

In accordance with Chargaff's rule, (A+T)/(G+C) = 1.

Initially we have 2 strands with radioactive thymidine. Going by the concept of replication and the statement provided that the replications were carried out in non-radioactive medium, there would be 2 molecules of DNA having radioactive thymidine.

By definition: Pseudogenes are of 2 types of which processed pseudogenes results from integration into genome of a reverse-transcribed copy of an mRNA.

The DNA backbone comprises of phosphorus. If the radio-labelled phosphorus from a bacteriophage is found in the DNA of bacterium, it would logically prove that the bacteriophage used bacterium's machinery due to which the radio-labelled phosphorus existed in the bacterium.

The deoxyribose sugar has an 'H' instead of 'OH' at 2' position. The nitrogenous bases bind to the 1' position of the sugars by glycosidic bonds. Silencing of the 1' position will hinder the glycosidic bond formation and thereby disrupting the complete structure.

During replication, a region of the chromatin fibre loosens up from the histones due to acetylation and that region is acted upon by helicases and topoisomerases to conduct replication in that replication unit.

Transcription takes place in the nucleous while translation takes place in the cytoplasm. Splicing the exons triggers the pathways that lead to cytoplasm passing through the nuclear pore. Therefore, the non-coding region is required in regulation of the transport of m-RNA transcript through the nuclear pore.

Briggs and King published their paper showing that normal hatched tadpoles can be obtained by transplanting the nucleus of a blastula cell to the enucleated eggs of Rana pipiens (Frog).

Rosalind Franklin, through her analytics, proposed the double strandedness of DNA and a ladder-like structure. If it would have been supported by better crystallisation techniques, the noble would have been hers.

The non-coding regions of DNA are employed for various important functions like mutation buffer, regulation of transcription, replication and other processes, which make it equally important as the coding region. DNA fingerprinting makes use of VNTRs, which are repeat sequences in the non-coding regions.

DNA replication executes by Chargaff's' rules where an A>T T>A, C>G and G>C. The replication does not affect the backbone.

Topoisomerases demarkate the cuts by nicking the phosphates in the backbone. Only DNA polymerase I has the ability to replace RNA with DNA. SSBP are single stranded binding proteins that stablise the tension of single strandedness.