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Microbial Taxonomy and Diversity (GATE - XL)

Description: Microbiology Taxonomy Microbial Diversity Biological Classification Microbial Taxonomy and Diversity
Number of Questions: 15
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Tags: Microbiology Taxonomy Microbial Diversity Biological Classification Microbial Taxonomy and Diversity
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Which of the following statements is false?

  1. Haeckel grouped bacteria and fungi with unrelated organisms.

  2. Whittaker included prokaryotic, autotrophic and heterotrophic organisms in kingdom Monera.

  3. Whittaker included eukaryotic, unicellular, autotrophic or heterotrophic organisms in kingdom Protista.

  4. Viruses are not the first cell organisms in Whittaker’s classification system.

  5. Copeland did not place fungi properly in his four kingdom of classification.

Show answer
Correct Option: D
Explanation:

Viruses are the first cell organisms in Whittaker’s five kingdom classification.

On the basis of ribosomal-RNA genes, three-domain biological classification; archaea, bacteria, and eukarya for the first time was introduced by

  1. Carl Woese

  2. Cavalier-Smith

  3. Whittaker

  4. Chatton

  5. Linnaeus

Show answer
Correct Option: A
Explanation:

The three-domain system is a biological classification introduced by Carl Woese in 1990, that divides cellular life forms into archaea, bacteria, and eukarya domains on the basis of differences in 16S rRNA genes.

Which of the following microbial domains or kingdoms has characteristic - “Prokaryotic cells possessing primarily diacyl glycerol diester lipids in their membranes and bacterial rRNA and no nuclear membrane”?

  1. Domain Archaea

  2. Domain Bacteria

  3. Domain Eukarya

  4. Magnoliophyta

  5. Saccharomycotina

Show answer
Correct Option: B
Explanation:

Domain Bacteria: Prokaryotic cells possessing primarily diacyl glycerol diester lipids in their membranes and bacterial rRNA and no nuclear membrane.

Which of the following are TRUE about yeasts characteristics?

  1. Eukaryotic, unicellular, absorptive heterotroph

  2. Prokaryotic, multicellular

  3. Prokaryotic, unicellular

  4. Eukaryotic, multicellular, absorptive heterotroph

  5. Eukaryotic, multicellular, photosynthetic autotroph

Show answer
Correct Option: A
Explanation:

Yeasts are eukaryotic, unicellular and possess absorptive heterotrophy.

In the five kingdom classification system, what did Whittaker not place properly?

  1. Cyanobacteria

  2. Viruses

  3. Mycoplasma

  4. Rickettsiae

  5. Archaebacteria

Show answer
Correct Option: B
Explanation:

Viruses were not given proper place in the five kingdom classification. This was mainly due to their many non-living characteristics (for example, viruses are not cells).

Which of the following is a group of eukaryotes that represent descent from an organism that had an endosymbiosis between a line related to a bikont and a red alga?

  1. Domain Archaea

  2. Domain Bacteria

  3. Chromalvaeolate

  4. Magnoliophyta

  5. Saccharomycotina

Show answer
Correct Option: C
Explanation:

Kingdom Chromalvaeolate: It is a group of eukaryotes that represent descent from an organism that had an endosymbiosis between a line related to a bikont and a red alga.

Select the correct statement from the following options for domain Archaea.

  1. These are bacterial-like organisms that can live only in extreme salt environment.

  2. These are primitive protist-like creatures possessing fewer chromosomes per cell.

  3. These are extremophiles prokaryotes that share some bacterial and some eukaryotic characteristics.

  4. These are not methanogens.

  5. These are organisms that are only adapted to high temperature environment.

Show answer
Correct Option: C
Explanation:

Archaea are extremophiles prokaryotes and are found in extreme environments. They show eukaryotic traits like DNA replication machinery, histones, nucleosome-like structures, and transcription machinery.

Bacteria and protists are placed in different domains. Which of the following options is the most appropriate?

  1. Bacterial cells lack membrane bounded nucleus, and protists have membrane bound nucleus.

  2. Bacteria do not have cells.

  3. Bacteria can decompose protists.

  4. Protists are photosynthetic and make their food from the sun like a plant.

  5. Protists are much older than bacteria.

Show answer
Correct Option: A
Explanation:

Bacterial cells lack membrane bound nucleus, and protists have membrane bound nucleus. So, both are placed in different domains.

From amongst the following options, select the most important role of microorganisms.

  1. Destruction of crops

  2. Production of food

  3. Breakdown of organic matter into inorganic chemicals

  4. Used as research tools for production of hormones

  5. Cause millions of deaths annually from diseases

Show answer
Correct Option: C
Explanation:

Microorganisms are saprobes and breakdown organic matter into inorganic chemicals. It is the most important role of microorganisms.

The five kingdom system of biological classification of Whittaker consists of all of the following, except

  1. animalia

  2. protozoa

  3. protista

  4. plantae

  5. monera

Show answer
Correct Option: B
Explanation:

Five kingdom system of biological classification of Whittaker does not consist of protozoa.

Psychrophile microorganisms have a characteristic range of temperature in which they grow. Which of the following options tells us about that temperature range?

  1. Optimum temperature between 20oC - 40oC

  2. Optimum temperature below 15oC to 0oC

  3. Optimum temperature greater than 45oC

  4. Optimum temperature is the same as human body temperature.

  5. Optimum temperature greater than 50oC

Show answer
Correct Option: B
Explanation:

Psychrophiles are microorganisms which are capable to grow below 15oC to 0oC.

Which of the following kingdoms is not included in the Cavalier-Smith's eight kingdom system of classification (1993)?

  1. Virons

  2. Eubacteria

  3. Chromista

  4. Archezoa

  5. Archaebacteria

Show answer
Correct Option: A
Explanation:

Virons are not included in the Cavalier-Smith's eight kingdom system of classification (1993).

Which of the following microorganisms does not contain cell wall?

  1. Pseudomonas

  2. Staphylococcus

  3. Streptococcus

  4. Mycoplasma

  5. Escherichia

Show answer
Correct Option: D
Explanation:

Mycoplasma does not contain cell wall.

What is the meannig of Phenetics classification?

  1. Organisms are classified on the basis of their ribosomal RNA.

  2. Organisms are classified based on overall similarity, regardless of their phylogeny or evolutionary relationships.

  3. Organisms are classified on the basis of type of nutrition.

  4. Organisms are classified based on genetic and DNA structures.

  5. Organisms are classified on the basis of microns.

Show answer
Correct Option: B
Explanation:

In phenetics, also known as taximetrics, organisms are classified based on overall similarity, regardless of their phylogeny or evolutionary relationships. It results in a measure of evolutionary distance between taxa. Phenetic methods have become relatively rare in modern times.

What is the meaning of the term 'systematic' in the biological classification?

  1. Study of identification

  2. Study of nomenclature

  3. Study of classification

  4. Study of relationships

  5. Study of identification, nomenclature, classification and relationships

Show answer
Correct Option: E
Explanation:

Systematic is the study of identification, nomenclature, classification and relationships amongst living beings.

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