Theodore Schwann (1839), a British Zoologist, studied different types of animal cells and reported that cells had a thin outer layer, which is today known as the ‘plasma membrane.

Rudolf Virchow (1855) first explained that cells divided and new cells are formed from pre-existing cells.

A special membranous structure is the mesosome,  which is formed by the extensions of plasma membrane into the cell.

Each tooth is embedded in a socket of jaw bone. This type of attachment is called thecodont.

Oesophagus opens into stomach (an organ).

Vermiform appendix,  which is a vestigial organ, arises from the caecum.

Serosa is the outermost layer.

The bile released into the duodenum contains bile pigments (bilirubin and bili-verdin), bile salts, cholesterol andphospholipids but no enzymes.

Parietal or oxyntic cells secrete HCl and intrinsic factor.

Some water, minerals, and certain drugs are absorbed in large intestine.

The breakdown of biomacromolecules occurs in the duodenum region of the small intestine.

Very small protein coated fat globules called the chylomicrons, which are transported into the lymph vessels (lacteals) in the villi.

Absorption of water, simple sugars, and alcohol, etc., takes place in stomach.

Vital Capacity (VC): The maximum volume of air a person can breathe in after a forced expiration. This includes ERV, TV, and IRV or the maximum volume of air a person can breathe out after a forced inspiration.

Sertoli cells provide nutrition to the germ cells.

Seminiferous tubules of the testis open into the vasa efferentia through rete testis.

Proprioception is the sense of the relative position of neighboring parts of the body and strength of effort.