Beta cells produce insulin. The deficiency of insulin will lead to diabetes mellitus.

Such conditions usually arise from over secretion or deficiency of growth hormones released by pituitary.

In diabetes insipidus, urination is frequent and copious resulting in loss of water from the body.

In diabetes mellitus, there is high frequency of urination leading to thirst.

Overdose of insulin will lead to hypoglycemia causing low glucose supply to brain. It can lead to coma.

Acromegaly occurs in adults due to oversecretion of growth hormone released by anterior pituitary.

Deficiency of pituitary hormones from anterior lobe results in dwarfism.

Reabsorption of water is carried out by ADH in kidneys.

Hypothalamus release TSH - RH, which regulates the secretion of thyroid stimulating by pituitary.

Thyroid, adrenal, testes and ovaries are all influenced by tropic hormones of pituitary. Pancreatic secretions are not influenced by pituitary.

Hormones are produced by living cells, released into blood and act on a site near or distant from the site of production. They can also affect any organ in the body.

Insulin increases glucose utilisation by body cells and increases conversion of glucose to glycogen in liver and muscles.

Cretinism leads to dwarfism and mental retardation. In insulin shock, blood glucose level decreases. Acromegaly is caused by oversecretion of growth hormone; oversecretion of cortical hormones leads to appearance of female characteristics in males.

– Beta cells of pancreas produce insulin. – Hyposecretion of adrenal cortex produces Addison’s disease. – Hypothyroidism in adults leads to Myxodema. – ADH is secreted from posterior lobe of pituitary.