Section 1 of the Indian Penal Code, 1860 deals with "title and extent of operation of the code". 

Section 2 of the Indian Penal Code states that every person shall be punished, who commits an offence, within India. Section 2 mentions “every person” within India. However, there are certain persons exempted from the jurisdiction of Criminal Courts. These persons are given certain rights, privileges, etc.   Such persons are: (a) Foreign sovereigns (b) Ambassadors (c) Alien enemies (d) Warships (e) President and governors (f) Foreign army 

There are four elements which constitute a crime. · Human beings · Mens rea or guilty intention · Actus reus or illegal act or omission · Injury to another human being

“In every statute, mens-rea is to be implied unless the contrary is shown”. This view was expressed in the case of Sheras v. De-Rutzen.

A Spanish citizen residing in Paris instigated the commission of an offence, which in consequence was committed in India. He is liable as the offence was committed in India. 

Nemo debet proeadem causa bis vexari is related to double jeopardy.

When two or more per­sons agree to do an illegal act or an act which is not illegal by illegal means, such an agree­ment is designated a criminal conspiracy.

William Blackstone in his book, "Commentaries on the Laws of England" has defined crime as “an act committed or omitted in violation of public law forbidding or commanding it".

Law of sedition relates to the uttering of seditious words, the publication of seditious libels, and conspiracies to do an act for the furtherance of a seditious intention.

Section 166-B deals with provisions of "non-treatment of a victim by a hospital".

A, by his articles published in newspapers, has created hatred and contempt against the Government of India. He can be punished for the offence of sedition. 

A has committed an offence under Section 212 of the Indian Penal Code, which talks about "harbouring an offender" .

There are four elements which constitute a crime. · Human being · Mens rea or guilty intention · Actus reus or illegal act or omission · Injury to another human being

Section 159 of the Indian Penal Code states that, "when two or more persons, by fighting in a public place, disturb the public peace, they are said to commit an affray”.

Section 3 of the Indian Penal Code deals with the punishment of offences committed beyond, but which by law may be tried within India.