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Probability concept

Description: This is on concepts related to events and probability.
Number of Questions: 15
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Tags: Probability
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If a student is picked randomly from a class of 40 students, what is the probability that his name starts with a vowel? Assume that there is no bias towards name starting with any letter.

  1. 5/40

  2. 1/40

  3. 5/26

  4. 5/21

  5. None of the above


Correct Option: C
Explanation:

Since there is no bias towards any letter, this is the right answer because there are 5 vowels out of 26 letters in the English.

The number of students is not a multiple of 26 but still the exact probability will be close to this.

An analog clock stops suddenly. What is the probability that it stops exactly at time 10:10? Assume the needles to be lines.

  1. 0

  2. 1

  3. 1/12

  4. 10/60

  5. 10/12


Correct Option: A
Explanation:

There are infinite lines on the clock surface. Probability that the needles stop exactly at a line will be equal to 1 divided by infinity, i.e. 0

A couple has two children. What is the probability that they have one son and one daughter? Assume that there is no bias towards son or daughter.

  1. 1/3

  2. 1/2

  3. 1/4

  4. 1

  5. It depends on other factors


Correct Option: B
Explanation:

First issue can be a son or a daughter with probabilities of 1/2. Similarly the second issue too can be a son or a daughter with equal probabilities of 1/2.

So, there are four equally probable possibilities out of which two result in one son - one daughter combination. Required probability should be 2/4 or 1/2.

Students in a class of strength 'p' have roll numbers 1, 2, 3, 4… p - 1, p. Take a student with roll number 'n'. What is the probability that either he or someone with a roll number higher than him is selected at random?

  1. 1/p

  2. (p - n)/p

  3. (p - n + 1)/p

  4. 1/n

  5. n/p


Correct Option: C
Explanation:

There are (p-n) students in the class with roll number greater than 'n'. Add one to this to include the student with roll number 'n'. Hence this gives the probability that the selected student has his roll number 'n' or greater than 'n'. This is the required probability.

There are 20 balls in a box out of which 4 are red, 9 are black and remaining are of some other colour. There is some probability of a red ball being selected in a random selection from the box. Which of the following actions will increase this probability?

  1. Put some more black balls in the box.

  2. Remove one red ball and 4 black balls from the box.

  3. Put one red ball and 4 black balls into the box.

  4. Remove some black balls from the box.

  5. Reduce some red balls from the box.


Correct Option: D
Explanation:

This will reduce the number of balls in the box but the number of red balls will remain same.

So, the probability of a red ball being selected will increase.

In a family of 5 persons (father, mother, a son and two daughters), 2 are to be selected randomly to go out for dinner. What is the probability that at least one of the daughters is selected for this purpose?

  1. 0.7

  2. 0.4

  3. 0.5

  4. 2/3

  5. 0.2


Correct Option: A
Explanation:

2 persons can be selected out of 5 in 5C2 = 10 ways.

Number of selections in which none of the daughters is selected = 3C2 = 3.

In remaining selections (10 – 3 = 7) at least one of the daughters will be present.

So the required probability is, 7/10 = 0.7.

In a box, there are 5 plastic balls and 10 wooden balls. Out of the 5 plastic balls, 3 are red and 2 are green. Similarly, the 10 wooden balls have 3 red and 7 green. What is the probability that a ball drawn from the box is either a plastic ball or red in color?

  1. 3/15

  2. 3/5

  3. 6/15

  4. 11/15

  5. 8/15


Correct Option: E
Explanation:

The event of interest is; “the drawn ball should be either a plastic ball or red in color”. There are 5 plastic balls. Number of red balls is 6; 3 plastic and 3 wooden. Plastic red balls are already counted in 5 plastic balls. But the 3 wooden red balls should be added to get the number of balls that are either red or of plastic. Thus number of such balls is 5+3 = 8. Since, there are total 15 balls; required probability is 8/15.

Four students reached late in a class and made an excuse to the teacher that they had a flat tyre while coming to the college by car. The teacher asked them to sit at four distant seats and made them to answer the same question “which tyre of the car was flat”? What is the probability that all the four give the same answer and their lie is not caught? Assume that students had told lie to the teacher and they will now select their answers randomly.

  1. 1/4

  2. 1/64

  3. 1/256

  4. 1/16

  5. 1/32


Correct Option: B
Explanation:

There are 4 tyres in a car. A person can answer any of the four tyres as flat. Thus, all the four students have four options for giving their answers. There can be 4*4*4*4 = 256 different answers. Out of these, only 4 possibilities are there in which all the four students choose the same tyre as flat. That happens when the first person answers any of the four tyres and remaining three choose the same one. So the required probability is 4/256 = 1/64.

There are 20 students in a class. Vinod is one of them. The teacher picks one student randomly at the end of the class and asks him a question. This system has been followed to keep the students attentive in the class. Which of the following cases will have the highest probability of Vinod being picked?

  1. Vinod not being picked in last 10 classes and 18 students present in the class.

  2. Vinod not being picked in last 5 classes and 16 students present in the class.

  3. Vinod being picked in the last class and 18 students present in the class.

  4. Vinod not being picked in last 12 classes and 16 students present in the class.

  5. Vinod being picked in the last class and 15 students present in the class.


Correct Option: E
Explanation:

Here the probability of Vinod being selected is 1/15 which is highest among the given options.

In a City, 30% of the population is obese. Out of obese people 70% are female. What is the probability that a person randomly selected from the city is a female?

  1. Cannot be found. Insufficient data

  2. 0.21

  3. 0.7

  4. 0.5

  5. 0.56


Correct Option: A
Explanation:

To answer the question, we require % of female in the city population. This cannot be derived from the given data.

A player pulls a card from a pack of 6 cards numbered 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 and 6 respectively. Then he pulls another card without replacing the first card. What is the probability that he gets the card numbered 2 when he pulls the card second time?

  1. 2/6

  2. 1/6

  3. 1/36

  4. 2/36

  5. 1/5


Correct Option: B
Explanation:

The required event can happen if in the first attempt 2 is not pulled and in the second attempt it is pulled. The probability that 2 is not pulled in the first attempt is 5/6. After the first card is pulled and not replaced, there are only 5 cards left in which 2 is also there. The probability of this getting pulled now is 1/5. Hence the required probability is 5/6*1/5 = 1/6.

In a class of 70 students, there are 5 students who are better than others and they have double the chance of being placed at the first rank in a test in comparison to other students. Vijay is not among these five. What is the probability that Vijay gets the first rank in the test?

  1. 0

  2. 1/70

  3. 1/140

  4. 1/75

  5. 1/65


Correct Option: D
Explanation:

Since, 5 students have double the chance of being first than others; you may consider each of them as 2 and compute the probability. Thus, these 5 are equivalent to 10 and remaining 65 added to this make it 75. These 5 students will have probability of being first as 2/75 and remaining 65 students will have the same probability as 1/75. Thus 65 times 1/75 and 5 times 2/75 make it 1. Vijay is one among the 65 students. This is correct.

A pack of card has cards numbered 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 and 6 respectively. The number of cards with a number is equal to the number itself. It means that the pack contains one card numbered 1, two cards numbered 2, three cards numbered 3 and so on. If a card is pulled randomly from the pack, what is the probability that the card has an even number on it?

  1. 3/6

  2. 3/21

  3. 2/3

  4. 2/6

  5. 12/21


Correct Option: E
Explanation:

There are total 1+2+3+4+5+6 = 21 cards. Out of which 2+4+6 = 12 cards are numbered with even numbers. So, the required probability is 12/21.

In a box of 30 balls, 10 balls are red and 20 green. Three balls have been drawn randomly from the box, in which 2 balls drawn are red and 1 ball is green. Now, another ball is drawn from the box without replacing already drawn balls. What change happens in the probability of a red ball being drawn compared to the same at the beginning?

  1. Does not change

  2. Insufficient data

  3. Decreases

  4. Increases

  5. Becomes half of the initial probability


Correct Option: C
Explanation:

This is correct, because more red balls have been drawn than green before the trial under question. This has reduced the percentage of red balls in the box.

A card is drawn from a standard pack of playing cards. It is known that this card is red. What is the probability that it is a King? (A standard pack of playing cards has 52 cards. They are in 2 colors – red and black. There are 4 suits Spades, Hearts, Diamonds and Clubs. Each suit has 13 cards: Ace, 2, 3, --- 9, 10, Jack, Queen and King. Hearts and Diamonds are red in color while Spades and Clubs are black.)

  1. 1/13

  2. 2/52

  3. 4/26

  4. 1/52

  5. 1/2


Correct Option: A
Explanation:

There are 26 cards in red color out of which 2 are Kings. Hence, the required probability is 2/26 = 1/13.

This is correct answer.

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