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Respiratory System (Medical Entrance)

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Which of the following muscles is/are involved in opening the vocal cords?

  1. Lateral cricoarytenoid muscles

  2. Posterior cricoarytenoid muscles

  3. Cricothyroid muscle

  4. Sternohyoid muscle


Correct Option: B
Explanation:

The posterior cricoarytenoid muscles are involved in opening the vocal cords.

Which of the following structures mark(s) the point of bifurcation of trachea into right and left bronchi?

  1. Tracheal rings

  2. Epiglottis

  3. Carina of trachea

  4. Cuneiform cartilage


Correct Option: C
Explanation:

Carina of trachea marks the point of bifurcation of trachea into right and left bronchi. 

Where are pores of kohn located?

  1. Bronchioles

  2. Bronchi

  3. Trachea

  4. Alveoli


Correct Option: D
Explanation:

Pores of kohn are discrete holes in the walls of adjacent alveoli.

Which muscles are involved in forced exhalation?

  1. External intercostal muscles

  2. Internal intercostal muscles

  3. Scalene muscles

  4. Pectoral muscles


Correct Option: B
Explanation:

The internal intercostal muscles are involved in normal exhalation.

Which of the following animals are obligate nasal breathers?

  1. Frogs

  2. Elephants

  3. Horses

  4. Birds


Correct Option: C
Explanation:

Horses are obligate nasal breathers. They cannot breathe through their mouths.

How many bronchopulmonary segments are present in the middle lobe of right lung?

  1. 3 segments

  2. 5 segments

  3. 2 segments

  4. 10 segments


Correct Option: C
Explanation:

Two bronchopulmonary segments are present in the middle lobe of the right lung.

Which is the best place to put a drain tube whenever fluid accumulates in the pleural cavity?

  1. Costomediastinal recess

  2. Costodiaphragmatic recess

  3. Costophrenic recess

  4. Pherincomediastinal recess


Correct Option: B
Explanation:

Whenever fluid accumulates in the pleural cavity (pleuritis), costodiaphragmatic recess is the best place to put a drain tube.

What are the divisions of trachea which function before it finally passes the air to alveoli?

  1. Trachea- p bronchi- lober bronchi- segmental bronchi- respiratory bronchioles- terminal bronchioles- alveolar ducts- alveolar sacs

  2. Trachea- p bronchi- segmental bronchi- lober bronchi- terminal bronchioles- respiratory bronchioles- alveolar ducts- alveolar sacs

  3. Trachea- p-bronchi-lober bronchi- segmental bronchi- terminal bronchioles- respiratory bronchioles- alveolar ducts- alveolar sacs

  4. Trachea- p bronchi- segmental bronchi- lober bronchi- respiratory bronchioles- terminal bronchioles- alveolar ducts- alveolar sacs


Correct Option: C
Explanation:

Trachea divides into 2 primary bronchi, which sub-divide into three secondary bronchi.

Which of the following sentences is incorrect?

  1. The right main bronchus is wider, shorter and more verical than the left main bronchus.

  2. The left main bronchus is shorter than the right one.

  3. Eparterial bronchus is present in the superior lobe of lungs.

  4. The right main bronchus divides into three secondary bronchi.


Correct Option: B
Explanation:

This is incorrect. Left main bronchus is longer than the right one.

Which of the following organisms posses bronchostegal lungs for respiration?

  1. Scorpions

  2. Coconut crabs

  3. Grasshoppers

  4. Snails


Correct Option: B
Explanation:

Coconut crab has bronchostegal lungs for respiration. 

In which group are diseases like black lung disease and asbestosis categorised?

  1. Pneumoconiosis

  2. Acute respiratory disease syndrome (ARDS)

  3. COPD

  4. ILD


Correct Option: A
Explanation:

Black lung disease and asbestosis are pneumoconiosis. 

Which of the following lung diseases affects the pleura?

  1. Amytropic lateral sclerosis

  2. Mesothelioma

  3. Pulmonary edema

  4. Sarcoidosis


Correct Option: B
Explanation:

Mesothelioma affects the pleura.

Which of the following structures is/are found to be damaged in emphysema?

  1. Trachea

  2. Alveolar walls

  3. Bronchioles

  4. Respiratory muscles


Correct Option: B
Explanation:

Alveolar walls are damaged in emphysema.

What is the portion of parietal pleura bordering the rib-cage called?

  1. Visceral pleura

  2. Costal pleura

  3. Mediastinal pleura

  4. Diphragmatic pleura


Correct Option: B
Explanation:

The portion of parietal pleura bordering the rib-cage is called costal pleura.

In which area do lungs expand during forced inspiration?

  1. Costophrenic recess

  2. Costomediastinal recess

  3. Costodiaphragmatic recess

  4. Phrenicomediastinal recess


Correct Option: C
Explanation:

The lungs expand into costodiaphragmatic recess during forced inspiration.

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