A conviction is the judgement or verdict which results when a court of law finds a defendant guilty of a crime. A successful prosecution is when the accused is convicted on the prosecution filed by the prosecutor.

Section 304A does not apply to the case where death is caused intentionally or where the act amounts to culpable homicide or where death occurs due to accident.

A prosecutor is a lawyer who works for a state or files case on behalf of the government under criminal law. “Prosecutor prosecutes the defendant” is the correct sense of representing a case that falls under criminal law.

Unnatural offences like sodomy, buggery and bestiality are punishable under Section 377 of the Indian Penal Code.

Criminal law provides as an exception that culpable homicide is not murder when the person whose death is caused being above the age of eighteen years suffers death or takes the risk of death with his own consent.

Social boycott means shunning of a person from the society. In other words, it means to make that individual so uncomfortable that he decides to leave the society. Threat of social boycott does not fall under the definition of criminal intimidation.

Here, X possesses no legal duty to save the life of the beggar. Hence, X is guilty of no offence. However, it is a moral duty and moral duties are not punishable under criminal law.

When a man, whether married or unmarried, deceives a woman who is not lawfully married to him to believe that she is lawfully married to him and to have sexual intercourse with him is punishable under Section 493 of the Indian Penal Code.

When an accused takes or entices or conceals or detains any woman who is the wife of other man with the intention of performing sexual intercourse with any person is punishable for the offence of criminal elopement under the Indian Penal Code.

A person who is a party to the criminal conspiracy to commit an offence is punishable with death or imprisonment for life will be punished in the same manner as if he has abetted the offence. Punishment for criminal conspiracy is provided under Section 120B of the Indian Penal Code.

If the offence is punishable with fine only, then the imprisonment which the court imposes in default of payment of fine shall be simple.

Self-preservation is not a defence under the Indian Penal Code. For instance, where two persons are on an island, one cannot kill the other so that he can eat him and continue to live.

Giving false evidence to procure conviction of a capital offence, house trespass for an offence punishable with death and robbery are all such offences which are serious in nature and hence, punishable with rigorous punishment.

‘A’, with the malafide intention to cause injury, fear or annoyance to ‘Z ‘, uses criminal force on Z. A commits the offence of using criminal force under the Indian Penal Code.

An assault, as defined under Section 351 of the Indian Penal Code, is whoever makes any gesture or any preparation intending or knowing it to be likely that such gesture or preparation will cause any person present to apprehend that he is about to use criminal force is said to commit an assault.

In cheating, property is not taken out of the possession of another person. In the offence of cheating, the property is delivered to the person who induces the person delivering the property.

Section 120A was inserted by the Amendment Act, 1913, which deals with the definition of criminal conspiracy.

A causes miscarriage to B, which causes B to be in severe pain. Hence, A would be held guilty of causing grievous hurt.

General exceptions indicate the absence of mens rea element in the act of commission of an offence. When a person is accused of any offence, the burden of bringing the case within general exceptions lies on that accused person. If the case is proved, then no punishment shall be awarded in such a case.

“Dishonest retention” of property is different from “dishonest reception”. Under “dishonest retention”, dishonesty supervenes after the act of possession, while in “dishonest reception”, dishonesty is contemporaneous with the act of acquisition of property.

Whenever violence is used by an unlawful assembly or by any member thereof in prosecution of a common object of such assembly, then every member of such assembly is guilty of offence of rioting.

Preparation with an intention is punishable as an assault. The offence of assault states that where a person prepares for a crime with a guilty intention and creates apprehension in the mind of another that criminal force is about to be used on him is an offence of assault.

Where a person voluntary intoxicates himself, it is not a defence for him to claim that he did not intend any actions he committed while intoxicated. Thus, voluntary intoxication is no excuse for the commission of an offence.

De minimis non curat lex means law does not concern itself with trifles. It is a principle of law that even if a technical violation of a law appears and its effect is too small, the law would not take action on such small and trifling acts.

Section 466 of the Indian Penal Code makes punishable the forgery of a record in a court of justice or a register of birth, baptism, marriage or burial or a certificate of authority to institute or defend a suit or a power of attorney.