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Biochemistry

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Number of Questions: 15
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Tags: biochemistry inhibitors antibiotic Organization of Life
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Cephalosporins are typical bactericidal antibiotics that help to inhibit bacterial cell wall synthesis through competitive inhibition of transpeptidase. The first generation cephalosporin antibiotics are known to possess better activity against gram-positive bacteria. Which of the following antibiotics is an example of first generation cephalosporin antibiotics?

  1. Cefoxitin

  2. Cefuroxime

  3. Cephalexin

  4. Ceftriaxone

  5. Cefotaxime


Correct Option: C
Explanation:

Cephalexin is an example of first generation cephalosporins. The first generation cephalosporin antibiotics are known to possess better activity against gram-positive bacteria.

Aminoglycoside antibiotics are typical bactericidal that act as protein synthesis inhibitor, inhibiting 30S subunit of ribosome. Which of the following antibiotics does not belong to the group of aminoglycosides?

  1. Gentamicin

  2. Neomycin

  3. Tobramycin

  4. Streptomycin

  5. Tetracycline


Correct Option: E
Explanation:

Tetracycline acts as bacteriostatic antibiotic that acts as protein synthesis inhibitor, blocking tRNA. It does not belong to the group of aminoglycosides.

Various inhibitors are used in the study of the electron transport system at various levels of electron carriers. Which of the following antibiotics act as an inhibitor of the electron transport system between NADH dehydrogenase and cytochrome b?

  1. Atractyloside

  2. Antimycin A

  3. Bottromycin

  4. Bactoprenol

  5. Piericidin A


Correct Option: E
Explanation:

Piericidin A is an antibiotic, produced by Streptomyces mobaraensis, that resembles coenzyme Q in its structure and inhibits the electron transport system between NADH dehydrogenase and cytochrome b.

Macrolide group of antibiotics refers to the bacteriostatic antibiotics that inhibit protein synthesis by binding to the 50S ribosomal subunit. Which of the following antibiotics suits best for erythromycin?

  1. Aminoglycosides

  2. Chloramphenicol

  3. Macrolides

  4. Tetracyclines

  5. Spectinomycin


Correct Option: C
Explanation:

Erythromycin belongs to macrolide group of antibiotics that are bacteriostatic and inhibit protein synthesis by binding to the 50S ribosomal subunit.

Which of the following antibiotics are examples of inhibitors of DNA synthesis?

  1. Clindamycin

  2. Fusidic acid

  3. Nalidixic acid

  4. Neomycin

  5. Rifampin


Correct Option: C
Explanation:

Nalidixic acid belongs to the group of quinolones, that act as inhibitors of DNA synthesis.

Disaccharides are carbohydrates made up of 2 sugar monomers. Which of the following disaccharides is used as energy source in insects?

  1. Sucrose

  2. Maltose

  3. Lactose

  4. Gentiobiose

  5. Trehalose


Correct Option: E
Explanation:

Trehalose, made of glucose is used as energy source in insects.

Cyclitol antibiotics refer to the antibiotics having cyclitol i.e. cyclic polyols. Which of the following antibiotics belong to the class of cyclitol antibiotics?

  1. Aminoglycosides

  2. Tetracyclines

  3. Spectinomycin

  4. Chloramphenicol

  5. Lincomycin


Correct Option: A
Explanation:

Aminoglycosides are the relevant bactericidal antibiotics that belong to the class of cyclitol antibiotics.

Which of the following carbohydrates is a linear storage polysaccharide?

  1. Amylose

  2. Amylopectin

  3. Glycogen

  4. Cellulose

  5. Chitin


Correct Option: A
Explanation:

Amylose is an example of linear storage polysaccharide.

Bactericidal compounds help to kill or destroy bacteria. Which of the following antimicrobial compounds is bactericidal?

  1. Aminoglycoside

  2. Chloramphenicol

  3. Lincomycin

  4. Tetracycline

  5. Spectinomycin


Correct Option: A
Explanation:

Aminoglycoside is a bactericidal antibiotic that helps to kill or destroy bacteria.

Which of the following lipids is the most abundant one in the human myelin sheath?

  1. Phosphatidylcholine

  2. Phosphatidic acid

  3. Phosphatidylserine

  4. Sphingomyelin

  5. Cholesterol


Correct Option: E
Explanation:

Cholesterol comprises 26% of total lipids in the human myelin sheath.

Streptomyces griseus is a Gram positive bacterium. Which of the following antibiotics is produced by Streptomyces griseus?

  1. Circulin

  2. Cycloheximide

  3. Cycloserine

  4. Erythromycin

  5. Piericidin


Correct Option: B
Explanation:

Cycloheximide refers to an antibiotic, produced by Streptomyces griseus, that inhibits the protein synthesis by inhibiting peptidyl transferase in eukaryotic systems.

Which of the following antibiotics inhibits protein synthesis only in eukaryotic system?

  1. Cycloheximide

  2. Chloramphenicol

  3. Erythromycin

  4. Tetracycline

  5. Streptomycin


Correct Option: A
Explanation:

Cycloheximide inhibits protein synthesis in eukaryotic system by inhibiting the translocation of peptidyl-tRNA.

ATP synthase is a vital molecular machine that helps in ATP synthesis. Which of the following substances act as inhibitor of ATP synthase?

  1. Clindamycin

  2. Gentamicin

  3. Oligomycin

  4. Rifampin

  5. Trimethoprim


Correct Option: C
Explanation:

Oligomycin inhibits ATP synthase. Thus the proton gradient is not utilized & the electrochemical gradient remains high, leading to the inhibition of complex I, III & IV.

Which of the following lipids is the most abundant one in the human RBC membrane?

  1. Phosphatidylcholine

  2. Phosphatidic acid

  3. Phosphatidylserine

  4. Sphingomyelin

  5. Cholesterol


Correct Option: E
Explanation:

Cholesterol comprises 25% of total lipids in RBC cell membrane.

The "Levinthal's paradox" was proposed by Cyrus Levinthal in 1968. The Levinthal's paradox is associated with:

  1. Genome size

  2. Kinetics of protein folding

  3. Correspondence of amino acid residues to protein secondary structure

  4. Binding cooperativity of enzyme

  5. Rate of enzyme catalyzed reaction


Correct Option: B
Explanation:

Cyrus Levinthal proposed the Levinthal’s paradox that is associated with the kinetics of protein folding.

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