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Physiology and Biochemistry

Description: GATE Botany Physiology & Biochemistry-2
Number of Questions: 20
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Tags: GATE Botany Physiology & Biochemistry-2 Life Sciences - XL
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Which of the following hemeproteins play the role of electron carrier in both the respiration and photosynthesis?

  1. Cryptochrome

  2. Phytochrome

  3. Ferredoxin

  4. Cytochrome


Correct Option: D
Explanation:

Cytochrome plays the role of electron carrier in the both processes- respiration and photosynthesis. It is found either as monomeric proteins or greater enzymatic complexes’ subunits which catalyze redox reaction.  

During plant photorespiration, ribulose biphosphate is decomposed into carbon dioxide after joining with oxygen. The right sequence in which such products emerge from ribulose bisphosphate in the photorespiration pathway, is ____________.

  1. glyoxylate, glycolate, serine, glycine

  2. serine, glyoxylate, glycine, glycolate

  3. glycine, serine, glycolate, glyoxylate

  4. glycolate, glyoxylate, glycine, serine


Correct Option: D
Explanation:

The right sequence in which such products emerge from ribulose bisphosphate in the photorespiration pathway, is Glycolate, glyoxylate, glycine, serine.

On exposure to a shock or automated blow the leaflets of Mimosa pudica plant close upwards and its lower portion of petiole contracts. What is this movement called?

  1. Autonasty

  2. Seismonasty

  3. Epinasty

  4. Nyctinasty


Correct Option: B
Explanation:

On exposure to a shock or automated blow the leaflets of Mimosa pudica plant close upwards and its lower portion of petiole contracts—this movement is called Seismonasty, which is the nastic response of plants or fungus to touch.  

The level of critical toxicity due to mineral nutrients means decrease in plant tissues' dry weight by _____.

  1. 10%

  2. 5%

  3. 25%

  4. 20%


Correct Option: A
Explanation:

The level of critical toxicity due to mineral nutrients means decrease in plant tissues’ dry weight by 10%.

Photochemical is the photosynthesis’s primary reaction which occurs in chloroplast. It is done by a series of electron carriers with phosphorylation of ADP to ATP. What is the actual site of such reaction?

  1. Thylakoid membrane

  2. Intrathylakoid space

  3. Stroma

  4. Chloroplast envelop


Correct Option: A
Explanation:

Thylakoid membrane is the actual site for Photochemical is the photosynthesis’s primary reaction which occurs in chloroplast. It is done by a series of electron carriers with phosphorylation of ADP to ATP. Thylakoid membrane is the membrane-bound region inside the chloroplast and Cyanobacteria.

Which of the following combination is appropriate to the bacterial photosynthesis?

  1. Bacteriochlorophyll; no O2 evolution; light absorption at greater wavelength than 700nm.

  2. Chlorophyll a and c; O2 evolution; light absorption at greater wavelength than 700nm.

  3. Bacteriochlorophyll; no O2 evolution; light absorption at shorter wavelength than 700nm.

  4. Chlorophyll a; no O2 evolution; light absorption at the wavelengths between 400-500nm.


Correct Option: A
Explanation:

Bacteriochlorophyll; no O2 evolution; light absorption at greater wavelength than 700nm is appropriate to the bacterial photosynthesis.

RuBISCO enzyme serves dual function in the chloroplast at the time of photosynthesis and forms either 3-phosphoglyceric acid or glycolic acid under various environmental conditions. Under which of the following conditions glycolic acid would be produced?

  1. In C4 plants when CO2 concentration is more than that of oxygen.

  2. In C3 plants when CO2 concentration is more than that of oxygen.

  3. In C3 plants when O2 concentration is more than that of CO2.

  4. In C4 plants when O2 concentration is more than that of CO2.


Correct Option: C
Explanation:

In C3 plants when O2 concentration is more than that of  CO2, glycolic acid would be produced. RuBisCO is involved in 1st major steps of carbon fixation,  in which CO2 is transformed into energy-rich molecules like glucose by plants.

CO2 double fixation occurs both in the C4 and CAM plants. Which of the following option brings out the actual difference between this two?

  1. The compensation points in such two plants are different.

  2. The two carboxylising enzymes in these two plants are different.

  3. Fixation of CO2 in the C4 plants is isolated by space where in CAM plants it is isolated by time.

  4. Two pathways of CO2 fixation vary in the two plants.


Correct Option: C
Explanation:

C4 plants possess 2 individual cells- mesophyll cells and bundle sheath cells. Difference between C4  and CAM plants is CAM plants have only one cell and  they open their stomata during night and close during day. Fixation of CO2 in the C4 plants is isolated by space where in CAM plants it isisolated by time.

What happens at the time of senescence of the plant?

  1. Secondary plant products accrue in tissues and organs at the time of aging.

  2. Metabolite such as carbohydrates, proteins, etc., are transmitted out of aging leaves to young leaves.

  3. Metabolite such as carbohydrates, proteins, etc., are transmitted out of young leaves to aging leaves.

  4. The plant shows serial senescence of leaves.


Correct Option: D
Explanation:

At the time of senescence of the plant the plant shows serial senescence of leaves. In such condition or process the plants degeneration takes place with the age. 

The Mitchell or chemiosmotic hypothesis conclude the ____________.

  1. absence of ATP in inner mitochondrial membrane

  2. presence of increased pH in endoplasmic reticulum than in cytosol

  3. production of ATP as the protons flow along slop across the inner mitochondrial membrane

  4. symmetrical dispersion of ATP ase of inner mitochondrial membrane


Correct Option: C
Explanation:

Mitchell or chemiosmotic hypothesis coupling in phosphorylation is tested in light of experimental data on oxidative phosphorylation. It predicts production of ATP as the protons flow along slop across the inner mitochondrial membrane 

When short day plant (SD) and long day plant (LD) both are preserved under friendly condition for flowering and are exposed to short flash of red light in mid of dark period then

  1. SD plant will flower and LD plant will remain productive.

  2. SD plant will remain productive and LD plant will flower.

  3. Both SD and LD plants will flower.

  4. Both SD and LD plants will remain productive.


Correct Option: B
Explanation:

SD plant will remain productive and LD plant will flower. Short day plants produce flowers only when the length of day is less than 12 hours long day plants bloom when they get light more than 12 hours. 

Recognize the following options regarding plants’ growth movements: (a) Growth movements in the flowering plants are always triggered by the external stimuli like light and gravity. (b) Varying growth of cells in various parts of affected organ causes growth movements. (c) Growth movements are extremely slow and may be observed only via time-lapse photography. Which of the above statements is/are true?

  1. b and c are true.

  2. a, b and c are true.

  3. a and c are true.

  4. a and b are true.


Correct Option: A
Explanation:

Growth movements are extremely slow and may be observed only via time-lapse photography. Varying growth of cells in various parts of affected organ causes growth movements.

Allelopathic effects of excretion of one species on another species is associated with ___________.

  1. promotion of adjacent association

  2. healing of wounds

  3. attack prevention by pathogenic microorganisms.

  4. inhibition of growth


Correct Option: D
Explanation:

The inhibition of growth in one species of plants by chemicals produced by another species. 

Which of the following is not associated with the enduring closure of stomata found on photosynthesizing plant organs in few desert plants?

  1. Interfering of stomata by the layer of wax.

  2. Interfering of hollowed stomata from exterior by the sticky masses.

  3. Additional thickening and cutilization of guard cell wall causes the closure.

  4. Rise in turgor pressure in guard cells of hollowed stomata.


Correct Option: D
Explanation:

Rise in turgor pressure in guard cells of hollowed stomata is not associated with the enduring closure of stomata found on photosynthesizing plants organs in few desert plants.

Study the following compounds (a) Phosphoenol pyruvate (b) Malic acid (c) Pyruvic acid (d) Oxaloacetic acid

What is the right sequence of such intermediate compounds as they produce in C4 –dicarboxylic acid pathway following the PEP-carboxylation reaction?

  1. b, d, c, a

  2. d, a, b, c

  3. d, b, c, a

  4. a, b, c, d


Correct Option: C
Explanation:

Here d, b, c, a is the right sequence of such intermediate compounds as they produce in C4 –dicarboxylic acid pathway- Oxaloacetic acid, malic acid, pyruvic acid, Phosphoenol pyruvate following the PEP-carboxylation reaction.

Nitrogen is a severe chemical in both the protein and DNA. So every living organism should metabolize nitrogen for surviving. Only bacteria and Archaea are capable to convert gaseous nitrogen (N2) to and from soluble ionic compounds, which other organisms may metabolize.

Which of the following bacteria minimizes nitrate to gaseous nitrogen?

  1. Pseudomonas

  2. Azospirillum

  3. Nitrosomonas

  4. Nitrococcus


Correct Option: A
Explanation:

Pseudomonas minimizes nitrate to gaseous nitrate, which is actually denitrification and is a microorganism facilitated method of nitrate reduction that finally produce molecular nitrogen (N2) via sequence of intermediate gaseous nitrogen oxide products. 

Nitrogen is a severe chemical in both the protein and DNA. So every living organism should metabolize nitrogen for surviving. Only bacteria and Archaea are capable to convert gaseous nitrogen (N2) to and from soluble ionic compounds which other organisms may metabolize.

At the time of symbiotic biological nitrogen fixation, the understanding of Rhizobia host interaction includes 2 types of molecules. Which are they?

  1. Lectin and polysaccharides

  2. Flavonoids and lipids

  3. Lectins and lipids

  4. Lectins and alkaloids


Correct Option: A
Explanation:

These are Lectin and polysaccharides. Lectin has been filtered from seeds of 4 legumes & lectin covalently attach to Agarose. Lipopolysaccharide is isolated from the 4 rhizobial symbionts of legumes. 4 Lipopolysaccharide are passed through 4 lectin columns.

Scientifically, plant hormone is an organic compound produced in one part of plant and transmitted to other parts in very low concentration casuing physiological responses. 5 major types of endogenous plant growth substances or plant hormones are- auxin, gibberellins, cytokinins, abscis acids and ethylene.

Which of the following types of plant hormones is the alternative for low temperature treatment?

  1. Cytokinin

  2. Ethylene

  3. Auxin

  4. Gibberellins


Correct Option: D
Explanation:

Gibberellin is the alternative plant hormone for low temperature treatment. In variety of plants seed germination is controlled differently by abscisc acid and gibberellins. 

Scientifically, plant hormone is an organic compound produced in one part of plant and transmitted to other parts in very low concentration casuing physiological responses. 5 major types of endogenous plant growth substances or plant hormones are- auxin, gibberellins, cytokinins, abscis acids and ethylene.

Polar transport of auxin in the segments of stem includes the movement of auxin from ___________.

  1. base towards the lateral branches

  2. base towards the morphological apex

  3. morphological apex towards the base

  4. morphological apes towards the lateral braches


Correct Option: B
Explanation:

Polar transport of auxin in the segments of stem includes the movement of auxin from morphological apex towards the base.

Match the Column I with II and select the right option using the codes provided below the column.

 
Column I Column II
A. Glycine max 1. Long day plant
B. Lycopersicon esculentum 2. Short day plant
C. Hyoscyamus niger 3. Day neutral plant
D. Cestrum nocturnum 4. Short day-long day plant
5. Long day-short day plant
  1. A - 1, B - 3, C - 4, D - 5

  2. A - 3, B - 4, C - 5, D - 1

  3. A - 2, B - 3, C - 4, D - 5

  4. A - 2, B - 5, C - 1, D - 4


Correct Option: C
Explanation:

A - 2, B - 3, C - 4, D - 5 Glycine max (Soyabean) is short day plant. Lycopersicon esculentum is green fruited day neutral plant. Hyoscyamus niger is short day-long day plant. Cestrum nocturnum is long day-short day plant typically known for its small yellow flowers.

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