This option is correct because contagious diseases are those diseases which are communicable by contact with a patient suffering from it or with some secretion of or object touched by such a patient. Ringworm is a contagious fungal infection caused by mold-like parasites that live on the cells in the outer layer of the skin and leprosy is a contagious disease caused by the bacterium Mycobacterium leprae, but is not easily transmitted.

This option is correct because poliomyelitis is usually spread from person to person through infected faeces entering the mouth. It may also be spread by food or water containing human faeces and less commonly from infected saliva. Balantidiasis is a zoonotic disease and is acquired by humans via the feco-oral route from the normal host, the pig, where it is asymptomatic. Contaminated water is the most common medium of transmission.

This option is correct because Elephantiasis or Filariasis is a vector-borne helminthic disease (caused by Wuchereria bancrofti) transmitted by female Culex mosquito.

This option is correct because all are correctly matched.

Aedes aegypti is the primary vector of the dengue virus. Glossina palpalis is the main vector of African sleeping sickness. Filariasis is transmitted by female culex mosquito. Kala-azar is transmitted by Phlebotomus argentipes.

Zidovudine is used to slow the progression of disease in patients infected with HIV. Isoniazid is used alone or with other drugs to treat tuberculosis (TB). Chloroquine prevents the development of malaria parasites in the blood. Albendazole is being used to treat lymphatic filariasis as part of the efforts to stop its transmission.

This option is correct because Aedes aegypti is a mosquito that can spread the dengue fever, chikungunya and yellow fever viruses, etc.

This option is correct because all are helminthic diseases. Ascariasis is an infection caused by Ascaris lumbricoides, giant roundworm of humans belonging to the phylum Nematoda. Ancylostomiasis is the condition of infection by Ancylostoma hookworms. Enterobiasis (pinworm infection) is caused by a small, thin, white roundworm called Enterobius vermicularis. Wuchereria bancrofti is a human parasitic roundworm that is the major cause of filariasis.

This option is correct because DPT vaccine is used as a control measure for diphtheria, pertusis (whooping cough) and tetanus (lockjaw).

This option is correct because all are viral diseases. Chikungunya is a viral disease transmitted to humans by infected mosquitoes. Rabies is a viral disease that is spread most often from the bite of a rabid animal to another animal or to a human. Poliomyelitis is a highly contagious and infectious disease caused by poliovirus. Common cold is a mild viral infection of the nose, throat, sinuses and upper airways.

This option is correct because all are bacterial diseases. Tuberculosis (TB) is an infectious disease that is caused by the bacterium Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Anthrax is an infection that is caused by the bacterium Bacillus anthracis. Tetanus or lockjaw is a serious infection caused by the bacterium Clostridium tetani. Cholera is an acute epidemic infectious disease caused by the bacterium Vibrio cholerae.

This option is correct because all the diseases are caused by protozoa. Balantidiasis is a protozoan infection caused by Balantidium coli. Malaria parasites belong to the genus Plasmodium (protozoan). Kala-azar (leishmaniasis) is caused by Leishmania donovani (protozoan). Giardiasis is caused by microscopic protozoan parasites known as Giardia intestinalis.

This option is correct because whooping cough or pertusis is caused by Bordetella pertusis, Hansen’s disease or leprosy is caused by Mycobacterium leprae and black death or plague is caused by Yersinia pestis.

This option is correct because asthma, scurvy and diabetes are non-communicable diseases.

This option is correct because smallpox is a highly contagious disease. People get infected with smallpox virus by inhaling droplets of saliva, which are full of virus, during face-to-face contact with the infected person. Diphtheria is spread (transmitted) from person to person, usually through respiratory droplets, from coughing or sneezing. Influenza viruses are spread mainly by droplets made when people with flu cough, sneeze or talk.

This option is correct because human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) is spherical with a diameter of about 90-120 nm. Its genome consists of single-stranded RNA associated with reverse transcriptase enzyme.