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Biotechnology and its Applications

Description: Practice MCQ for Medical entrance examination on the topic Biotechnology and its application.
Number of Questions: 25
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Tags: BIOTECHNOLOGY Tools of Genetic Engineeering Genetics and Evolution Applications of Biotechnology in Agriculture Molecular Diagnosis of Diseases DNA Finger Printing
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Which of the following organisms produces single cell protein?

  1. Geledium

  2. Methylophilus

  3. Methanobacterium

  4. Spirulina

  5. Gracilaria

Show answer
Correct Option: D
Explanation:

Spirulina is the organism, which produces single cell protein.

Which of the following are the chemical knives used in rDNA technology?

  1. Reverse transcriptases

  2. Nucleases

  3. Polymerases

  4. Restriction endonucleases

  5. Ligases

Show answer
Correct Option: D
Explanation:

Restriction endonuclease is known as molecular knife in recombinant DNA technology.

Which of the following represents the genetic variation present among plants in a tissue culture?

  1. Heterosis

  2. Genetic drift

  3. Hybrid vigour

  4. Mutation

  5. Somaclonal variation

Show answer
Correct Option: E
Explanation:

Somaclonal variation represents the genetic variation present among plants in a tissue culture.

Which of the following is the first hormone produced artificially by bacteria and is widely employed as medicine?

  1. Adrenalin

  2. Thyroxine

  3. Testosterone

  4. Human insulin

  5. Antitrypsin

Show answer
Correct Option: D
Explanation:

Human insulin is the first hormone produced artificially by bacteria and is widely employed as medicine.

Which of the following is a thermostable enzyme?

  1. RNA polymerase

  2. Hind III

  3. DNA ligase

  4. Taq DNA polymerase

  5. EcoRl

Show answer
Correct Option: D
Explanation:

Taq DNA polymerase is thermostable and resists heat.

In bacteria, the genes which confer antibiotic resistance on the bacteria are located on __________.

  1. mesosome

  2. m-RNA

  3. plasmid

  4. circular DNA molecule

  5. polysome

Show answer
Correct Option: C
Explanation:

In bacteria, the genes which confer antibiotic resistance on the bacteria are located on plasmid and not on mesosome.

Which of the following organisms is known as natural genetic engineer?

  1. Escherichia coIi

  2. Bacillus thuringiensis

  3. Neurospora crassa

  4. Agrobacterium tumefaciens

  5. Rhizobium

Show answer
Correct Option: D
Explanation:

Agrobacterium tumefaciens is known as natural genetic engineer.

The enzyme Reverse Transcriptase used in rDNA technology is extracted from

  1. T-phage

  2. Bacillus thuringiensis

  3. Avian Myeloblastosis virus

  4. Escherichia coli

  5. Neurospora

Show answer
Correct Option: C
Explanation:

The enzyme Reverse Transcriptase used in rDNA technology is extracted from Avian Myeloblastosis virus.

Which of the following enzymes are essential in protoplast fusion technique?

  1. Lipase and pectinase

  2. Amylase and pectinase

  3. Cellulase and pectinase

  4. Amylase and lipase

  5. Protease and nuclease

Show answer
Correct Option: C
Explanation:

Cellulase and pectinase are essential for protoplast fusion technique.

For the treatment of which of the following diseases was the first clinical gene therapy done?

  1. AIDS

  2. Cancer

  3. Myotonic dystrophy

  4. SCID

  5. Cystic fibrosis

Show answer
Correct Option: D
Explanation:

The first clinical gene therapy was done against SCID.

Which of the following best describes 'pharming'?

  1. Large-scale production of cloned animals

  2. Animals being used in transgenic research

  3. Synthesis of a drug by a transgenic animal

  4. Synthesis of recombinant drugs by bacteria

  5. Plants making genetically-altered foods

Show answer
Correct Option: C
Explanation:

'Pharming' is the synthesis of a drug by a transgenic animal.

The full form of GEAC is

  1. Genetic Engineering Approval Council

  2. Genetic Engineering Approval Commission

  3. Genomic Engineering Action Committee

  4. Genetic Engineering Approval Committee

  5. Genetic Engineering Action Committee

Show answer
Correct Option: D
Explanation:

The correct expansion of GEAC is Genetic Engineering Approval Committee.

Emphysema is a dangerous lung disorder seen in smokers. The drug used to treat emphysema produced by genetic engineering is

  1. humulin

  2. statin

  3. cyclosporin A

  4. alpha 1 antitrypsin

  5. trypsin

Show answer
Correct Option: D
Explanation:

The drug used to treat emphysema produced by genetic engineering is alpha 1 antitrypsin.

Bt toxin is coded by a gene named cry. Which of the following genes encodes for the Bt toxin against corn borer?

  1. cryIAc

  2. cryIIAb

  3. cryIIIA

  4. cryIAb

  5. cryIIIB

Show answer
Correct Option: D
Explanation:

cryIAb gene encodes for the Bt toxin against corn borer.

B. thuringiensis forms protein crystals during a particular phase of their growth. These crystals contain a toxic insecticidal protein and exist as inactive protoxins, but once an insect ingests the inactive toxin, it is converted into an active form of toxin. This is due to __________.

  1. the acidic pH of the gut, which solubilises the crystals

  2. the neutral pH of the gut, which solubilises the crystals

  3. the alkaline pH of the gut, which solubilises the crystals

  4. the alkaline pH of the respiratory tract, which solubilises the crystals

  5. the acidic pH of the respiratory tract, which solubilises the crystals

Show answer
Correct Option: C
Explanation:

B. thuringiensis forms protein crystals during a particular phase of its growth. These crystals contain a toxic insecticidal protein and exist as inactive protoxins, but once an insect ingests the inactive toxin, it is converted into an active form of toxin.

A nematode Meloidegyne incognitia infects the roots of tobacco plants and causes a great reduction in yield. It can be prevented by RNA interference (RNAi). What does this method involve?

  1. Silencing of a specific DNA due to a complementary dsRNA molecule that binds to and prevents translation of the mRNA.

  2. Silencing of a specific tRNA due to a complementary dsRNA molecule that binds to and prevents translation of the mRNA.

  3. Silencing of a specific mRNA due to a complementary ssRNA molecule that binds to and prevents translation of the mRNA.

  4. Silencing of a specific mRNA due to a complementary dsRNA molecule that binds to and prevents translation of the mRNA.

  5. Silencing of a specific rRNA due to a complementary dsRNA molecule that binds to and prevents translation of the mRNA.

Show answer
Correct Option: D
Explanation:

RNA interference (RNAi) involves silencing of a specific mRNA due to a complementary dsRNA molecule that binds to and prevents translation of the mRNA.

Identify the disorder caused due to ADA-Adenosine deaminase enzyme deficiency in human.

  1. Autoimmune disorders

  2. Acquired immune deficiency disorder

  3. Severe combined imuno deficiency

  4. Chronic lymphocytic leukemia

  5. Chronic myelocytic leukemia

Show answer
Correct Option: C
Explanation:

ADA-Adenosine deaminase enzyme deficiency in human causes SCID.

Plants whose genes have been altered by manipulation are called genetically modified (GM) plants. GM plants have been useful in many ways. Which of the following is incorrect about GM plants?

  1. Enhanced nutritional value of food like golden rice

  2. Increased efficiency of mineral usage by plants to prevent early exhaustion of fertility of soil

  3. Helped to decrease post-harvest losses

  4. Made crops less tolerant to abiotic stresses like cold, drought, salt and heat

Show answer
Correct Option: D
Explanation:

Genetic modification made crops more tolerant to abiotic stresses like cold, drought, salt and heat.

Golden rice is a transgenic rice in India. It has gene for synthesising _____________.

  1. tocopherol

  2. calciferol

  3. thiamine

  4. riboflavin

  5. beta carotene

Show answer
Correct Option: E
Explanation:

Golden rice is a transgenic rice in India. It has gene for synthesising beta carotene.

Which probe is used in recombinant DNA technology and molecular diagnosis?

  1. A short, double or single-stranded DNA or RNA tagged with radioactive molecule to detect the product enzyme

  2. A short mRNA strand tagged with radioactive molecule to detect the codon sequence

  3. A short DNA strand tagged with radioactive molecule for identifying the coding and template strands

  4. A short, single-stranded DNA or RNA tagged with radioactive molecule to detect the complimentary strand

  5. A short, double DNA tagged with radioactive thimidine for recognising its corresponding complementary strand

Show answer
Correct Option: D
Explanation:

A short, single-stranded DNA or RNA tagged with radioactive molecule to detect the complementary strand is called probe. A short, double DNA tagged with radioactive thimidine for recognising its corresponding complementary strand is not a probe. 

Which of the following is a method commonly used in molecular biology for detection of a specific DNA sequence in DNA samples?

  1. Gel electrophoresis

  2. Northern blotting

  3. Western blotting

  4. Southern blotting

  5. Eastern blotting

Show answer
Correct Option: D
Explanation:

Southern blotting method is commonly used in molecular biology for detection of a specific DNA sequence in DNA samples.

From which of the following organisms are Ti plasmids isolated?

  1. Bacillus thuringiensis

  2. Rhizobium leguminosarum

  3. Agrobacterium tumefaciens

  4. Thermus aquaticus

  5. Escherichia coli

Show answer
Correct Option: C
Explanation:

Ti plasmids are isolated from Agrobacterium tumefaciens. Tumor inducing plasmids are double stranded circular DNA present in Agrobacterium tumefaciens.

Which of the following enzymes is known as chemical suture?

  1. Restriction endonuclease

  2. Endonuclease

  3. Polymerase I

  4. Primase enzyme

  5. DNA-ligase

Show answer
Correct Option: E
Explanation:

Ligase enzyme is known as chemical suture. It helps to join DNA segments.

Match the column A showing restriction sites with column B showing restriction enzymes and find out correct match from the following.

 
Column - A Column - B
(i) 5' GAATTC 3'
3' CTTAAG 5' (A) Sca I
(ii) 5' GGATCC 3'
3' CCTAGG 5' (B) Sma I
(iii) 5' CCCGGG 3'
3' GGGCCC 5' (C) Bam HI
(iv) 5' AGTACT 3'
3' TCATGA 5' (D) EcoRI

  1. 1 - A, 2 - B, 3 - C and 4 - D

  2. 1 - B, 2 - A, 3 - C and 4 - D

  3. 1 - C, 2 - B, 3 - A and 4 - D

  4. 1 - D, 2 - B, 3 - C and 4 - A

  5. 1 - D, 2 - C, 3 - B and 4 - A

Show answer
Correct Option: E
Explanation:

5’ GAATTC 3’3’ CTTAAG 5’ is the restriction site of EcoRI, 5’ GGATCC 3’ 3’ CCTAGG 5’ is the restriction site of Bam HI, 5’ CCCGGG 3’ 3’ GGGCCC 5’ is the restriction site of Sma I, 5’ AGTACT 3’ 3’ TCATGA5’ is the restriction site of Sca I.

What is the correct sequence in DNA fingerprinting?

  1. (1) Isolation of DNA (2) Digestion of DNA by restriction endonucleases (3) Separation of DNA fragments by electrophoresis (4) Transferring (blotting) of separated DNA fragments to synthetic membranes (5) Detection of hybridised DNA fragments by autoradiography (6) Hybridisation using labelled VNTR probe

  2. (1) Isolation of DNA (2) Separation of DNA fragments by electrophoresis (3) Digestion of DNA by restriction endonucleases (4) Transferring (blotting) of separated DNA fragments (5) Hybridisation using labelled VNTR probe (6) Detection of hybridised DNA fragments by autoradiography

  3. (1) Digestion of DNA by restriction endonucleases (2) Isolation of DNA (3) Transferring (blotting) of separated DNA fragments to synthetic membranes (4) Separation of DNA fragments by electrophoresis (5) Hybridisation using labelled VNTR probe (6) Detection of hybridised DNA fragments by autoradiography

  4. (1) Isolation of DNA (2) Digestion of DNA by restriction endonucleases (3) Separation of DNA fragments by electrophoresis (4) Transferring (blotting) of separated DNA fragments to synthetic membranes (5) Hybridisation using labelled VNTR probe (6) Detection of hybridised DNA fragments by autoradiography

  5. (1) Isolation of DNA (2) Digestion of DNA by restriction endonucleases (3) Transferring (blotting) of separated DNA fragments to synthetic membranes (4) Separation of DNA fragments by electrophoresis (5) Hybridisation using labelled VNTR probe (6) Detection of hybridised DNA fragments by autoradiography

Show answer
Correct Option: D
Explanation:

The correct sequence in DNA fingerprinting is: (1) Isolation of DNA (2) Digestion of DNA by restriction endonucleases (3) Separation of DNA fragments by electrophoresis (4) Transferring (blotting) of separated DNA fragments to synthetic membranes (5) Hybridisation using labelled VNTR probe (6) Detection of hybridised DNA fragments by autoradiography

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