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Child Development and Pedagogy

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All of the following are applicable in good motivation except that it

  1. Should be brief

  2. Should be relevant to the pupils

  3. Should be related to the lesson that follows

  4. Need not always come at the beginning of the lesson

  5. Should always come from the teacher


Correct Option: E
Explanation:

This is not necessary as motivation can also come from the pupils sides.. A students won a school level quiz competition can be good motivation for the class

When forming to develop the powers of creative thinking, the teacher should allow for all of the following experience except

  1. comparison of the treatment of a social studies topic in two textbooks

  2. failure of an experiment in science

  3. inability to locate a book in the school library

  4. failure to solve a problem because of insufficient information

  5. solving of all problems through use of a well practiced formula


Correct Option: E
Explanation:

This is an incorrect as it is an incorrect approach to solve all problem using same formula because each problem is unique and child need to learn to solve each problem different and accordingly.

Of the following advice given by an experienced teacher to a new colleague, it would be best to ignore the one that state

  1. if you have a very shy child, don’t call on the child, wait until the child volunteers

  2. give praise to even the poorest achiever; you can always find something worthwhile to praise

  3. when a child misbehaves, first look for the reaction

  4. write an interesting question on the board for the pupils to answer as soon as they enter the room

  5. ask many “how” and “Why” questions and not too many “what and who questions


Correct Option: A
Explanation:

Absolutely incorrect advice instead teacher must try to motivate even very shy student of the class.

To be successful with an overactive child, the teacher should

  1. Give the child extra written work so he/she will have a reason for remaining in his/her seat

  2. Allow the child to leave his/her seat whenever he/she becomes restless

  3. Provide the child with purposeful activities that legitimize the need for movement

  4. Isolate the child from the class

  5. All the above


Correct Option: C
Explanation:

This is the correct answer as teacher needs to understand that student who is overactive has more energy in him and hence teacher need to make use of that energy in right direction and keep him busy.

A teacher notes poor attendance in class on Fridays, the day weekly tests are given. The teacher should

  1. call the parents of the absentees

  2. schedule tests throughout the week

  3. do nothing

  4. tell the pupils that missing two tests will result in a failing mark

  5. schedule all tests for Monday, after the children have had a restful weekend


Correct Option: B
Explanation:

This is the correct solution as test should be schedule on any day of the week and this will result in less absentism in class

The teacher of a class with a sizeable number of Germans notices that the Germans and the other children form two separate groups on the school playground. The teacher is best advised to

  1. ignore the situation

  2. suggest that the principal organize a separate class of Germans

  3. call a meeting of the parents and ask them what they think should be done

  4. organize those playground games that promote co-mingling

  5. plan a unit on “America, the Melting Plot”


Correct Option: D
Explanation:

This is the correct way to mingle the class together

During the first parent teacher conference of the year, the teacher should do all to the following except

  1. take notes

  2. include the child, when appropriate

  3. encourage the parent to talk about her child

  4. disagree with the parent's philosophy of child reading


Correct Option: D
Explanation:

Teacher should try to include parents in development of child and not disagree with parents on their philosophy.

In which of the following process does the child's mental framework starts obstructing with reality and his thinking becomes more complex?

  1. Conservation

  2. Assimilation

  3. Reversibility

  4. Accommodation

  5. None of these


Correct Option: B
Explanation:

Assimilation is using an existing knowledge or schema to deal with or understand a new object or situation.For example A 2 year old child sees a man, who is bald on top of his head and has long frizzy hair on the sides. To his father horror, the toddler shouts clown, clown.

In comparing the lecture and developmental lessons, all of the following are true except that

  1. there is more pupil activity in the developmental lesson

  2. it is more difficult to ascertain pupil learning in a lecture lesson

  3. the lecture method is more conducive to larger classes

  4. slow children drive more benefit from a lecture than brighter children to

  5. motivation and summary are necessary in both lessons


Correct Option: D
Explanation:

This is absolutely wrong as slow and bright learners get equally benefited for lecture methods but slow learners gets more opportunity to learn through developmental lessons.

The operation of the school library should be the responsibility of

  1. Class teacher

  2. Volunteer parents

  3. The children who contributed the books

  4. Rotating committees of pupils

  5. The school librarian


Correct Option: E
Explanation:

This is the correct answer as this is the duty of school librarian to take care of operation of school library

Test in which the same test is given in the same manner to all test takers is a _______________ test.

  1. School – wide finals

  2. Quizzes

  3. Standardized tests

  4. Class tests

  5. None of these


Correct Option: C
Explanation:

This is the correct answer as test in which the same test is given in the same manner to all test takers is a standardized test. Standardized tests need not be high-stakes tests, time-limited tests, or multiple-choice tests. The opposite of a standardized test is a non-standardized test.

Which of the following activities in a science class, is the one with least educational importance

  1. viewing a filmstrip

  2. constructing a model

  3. drawing a design

  4. reading about a simple experiment

  5. discussing a scientific principle


Correct Option: D
Explanation:

reading about simple experiments is of least educational value as these experiments are already taught and understood by the student.

Career education should begin

  1. in kindergarten

  2. in the third or fourth grades

  3. when the child enters junior high school

  4. in high school economics classes

  5. when the child begins to ask questions about jobs


Correct Option: A
Explanation:

It is being scientifically proved that 95% of brain development occurs till the age of 5 yrs. Hence looking into the interest and liking of the child career education can begin at this stage for the child's bright future

An example of a Developmental Disorder is _________.

  1. attention deficit hyperactivity disorder

  2. dyslexia

  3. mental retardation

  4. autistic spectrum disorders

  5. none of these


Correct Option: D
Explanation:

ASD (Autistic Spectrum Disorders) is a disorder of development that affects language, social skills and behaviour. Children with ASD are unable to interpret the world and what is happening around them in the same way that other children do. There is a range of severity and intellectual ability, from the severely impaired child with classical autism, to a child with Asperger syndrome or high-functioning autism Children with Asperger syndrome may have a high level of intelligence but have difficulty with social interaction.

We face a specific psychosocial dilemma at each stage of life. This statement was given by ________.

  1. James Coleman

  2. Lawrence Kohlberg

  3. Erik Erikson

  4. Sigmund Freud

  5. None of these


Correct Option: C
Explanation:

Erik Erikson has divided life into 8 stages.

Stage one, First Year of Life: Trust vs Mistrust.

Stage Two, 1-3 Years; Autonomy vs Shame and Doubt.

Stage Three, 3-5 Years; Initiative vs Guilt.

Stage Four, 6-12 Years: Industry vs Inferiority.

Stage Five, Adolescence: Identity Versus Role Confusion.

Stage Six, Young Adulthood: Intimacy Versus Isolation

Stage Seven, Middle Adulthood: Generativity Versus Stagnation

Stage Eight, Late Adulthood: Integrity Versus Despair.

A student misses the place where he/she was reading. How can teacher temporarily help the student?

  1. By allowing him/her to fingerpoint

  2. By giving him/her a card to place under each line being read

  3. By providing him/her with a large-print reader such as those used by the visually handicapped

  4. By letting him/her listen to taped stores

  5. By telling his/her parents that he/she needs glasses


Correct Option: B
Explanation:

Teacher may help the student in reading by asking him/ her to place a card under each line and then read this will help the student in reading complete line in a flow with being confused with other lines.

A sixth-grade class includes a group of students studying on the fourth-grade level. Of the following, the best material to use with this group is a

  1. fourth-grade basal reader

  2. tape recorder

  3. high interest, low level book of stories

  4. sixth grade workbook

  5. local newspaper


Correct Option: C
Explanation:

Such kind of books will be useful and interesting for both fourth and sixth grader students

Which statements regarding to preschool-stage children is MOST correct?

  1. The preschool age begins after the child turns 2 years old

  2. They realize that injuries are not a form of punishment

  3. They can usually identify painful areas when questioned

  4. Preschoolers are usually not fearful of pain or separation

  5. None of these


Correct Option: C
Explanation:

This is correct about preschoolers as can usually identify painful areas when questioned

All of the following are examples of intrinsic motivation except

  1. encouraging pupils to help develop the aim of a lesson

  2. permitting pupils to evaluate each other's answers

  3. utilizing pupils backgrounds and experiences

  4. giving short quizzes at the beginning of a lesson


Correct Option: B
Explanation:

evaluate each other's answers will not motivate students intrinsic instead student might feel complex in them by doing so.

In dealing with a class that is misbehaving, the teacher’s least effective course of action is to

  1. ask the principal to observe him/her and make recommendations

  2. lower the grades of pupils who create the most serious infractions

  3. isolate those most responsible for the misbehaviour

  4. ascertain the extent to which his/her methods and/or curriculum are responsible

  5. ask the advice of his/her grade leader


Correct Option: B
Explanation:

This is a negative method to deal with the students

All of the following statements about children are correct except that

  1. Older children in elementary schools are less prone to illness than younger children

  2. Many children do not eat proper breakfasts

  3. A child with an auditory handicap may be completely unaware of it

  4. Children like teachers who are firm and consistent

  5. Girls are superior to boys of the same age in mathematical abilities


Correct Option: E
Explanation:

This is a gender bias statement and is not correct

The National Curriculum Framework, 2005 suggests, which of the following examination reforms?

  1. Class X examination optional

  2. State level exams to be conducted at different stages of school education

  3. Competitive entrance examinations optional

  4. Class XII examination optional

  5. All the above


Correct Option: A
Explanation:

The National Curriculum Framework (NCF) - 2005 has recommended that the board should consider, as a long term measure, making the class 10 examination optional, thus permitting students to continue in the same school, Minister of State for Human Resource Development (HRD) D. Purandeswari told the Lok Sabha.

The most important objective of committee work is to have children

  1. practice parliamentary procedure

  2. develop the leadership skills of the high achievers

  3. develop skills of cooperative learning and problem solving

  4. acquire factual information efficiently

  5. learn socialization skills


Correct Option: C
Explanation:

This is the most important objective of committee work as pupils can learn skills of cooperative learning and problem solving

A fourth grade child takes the belongings of pupils who sit near her. The teacher's best initial step is to

  1. isolate the child in a corner of the room

  2. make a note of this behaviour in the child's permanent record

  3. ignore the behaviour, as it will eventually disappear

  4. arrange a parent conference to try to determine causation


Correct Option: D
Explanation:

This is the best solution and this may help teacher to find out the reason for such behavior and also council the child accordingly

A parent of a fourth grader refuse to give approval for her child to go on a school trip. The teacher should first:

  1. refer the matter to the guidance counselor

  2. confer with the parent to discuss the educational purpose of the trip

  3. give the class a homework assignment for all parents to sign, giving reasons why each child wants to go on the trip

  4. ask another teacher in the same grade to take that child on the day of the trip

  5. tell the class that the trip will be cancelled if any child does not receive parental permission


Correct Option: B
Explanation:

This is the best approach as teacher and parent can sit together and discuss about the trip and its educational purpose.

All of the following are evidence of a good class audio-visual programme except

  1. using globes and maps to teach geographic skills and concepts

  2. developing a weekly list of recommended television programmes for home viewing

  3. teacher previewing of all fimstrips to be shown to the class

  4. allowing children to decide which educational television programmes they will view in class

  5. none of these


Correct Option: D
Explanation:

Students should not decide which educational television programmes they want to view it should be under the guidance of teacher as student may misunderstand the concept of that particular education programme .

What is phrenology?

  1. Phrenology is the theory that differences in bodily secretions correspond to personality.

  2. Phrenology is the theory that differences in body shape may correspond to personality.

  3. Phrenology is the theory that differences in cranial size correspond to personality.

  4. Phrenology is the theory that differences in diet and blood group correspond to personality.

  5. None of these


Correct Option: C
Explanation:

Phrenology: At one point in time, psychologists believed that behavioral characteristics of humans could be described by measuring the bumps on their heads. The technique was established by Francis Gall in the early 1800's and, as it can be understood, it didn't last long as he couldn't establish solid results. However, it did set the stage for later developments and approaches to measuring specific areas of the brain.

Neha's incorrect responses to the checkers problem indicate that she is still in the ________ stage of cognitive development.

  1. formal operational

  2. preoperational

  3. concrete operational

  4. sensorimotor

  5. none of these


Correct Option: B
Explanation:

Preoperational stage (ages two to seven) include egocentrism and the inability to understand conservation or use logical thinking. Magical thinking and confusion between between appearance and reality is also present.

When does senescence occurs?

  1. When a person enters late adulthood and experiences mental decline.

  2. As soon as overall growth stops.

  3. At puberty.

  4. At middle age when the first signs of physical decline begin to appear.

  5. All of these


Correct Option: B
Explanation:

Senescence or biological aging is the process of accumulative changes to molecular and cellular structure that disrupts metabolism with the passage of time, resulting in deterioration and death. Senescence occurs both on the level of the whole organism ( organism senescence) as well as on the level of its individual cells (cellular senescence).

An increase in comprehension skill is most likely to result from

  1. guided silent reading

  2. guided oral reading

  3. unstructured silent reading

  4. the teacher reading to the class

  5. listening to tapes of children’s stories


Correct Option: A
Explanation:

This is the correct answer as guided silent reading will be helpful in understanding the topic

Who described the three levels of personality as conscious, unconscious and the collective unconscious?

  1. Cattell

  2. Jung

  3. Erikson

  4. Kelly

  5. None of these


Correct Option: B
Explanation:

Jung describes the three levels of personality as: a conscious level (daily reality), an unconscious level (contains our own unique complexes) and a collective unconscious level (store of universal and evolutionary experiences).

Which of the following statement is least educationally valid?

  1. Drill periods should be brief

  2. Study habits should be taught

  3. Over learning constitutes a waste of time

  4. The quality of a student’s notes book should be a factor in formulating the student’s mark

  5. None of these


Correct Option: C
Explanation:

Learning more knowledge can never be a waste of time

When the majority of pupils in a science class is well below grade level in reading, the teacher should

  1. read to the class from the text book

  2. plan many hands-on activities

  3. show many filmstrips

  4. lecture to the class, using simple language

  5. all the above


Correct Option: B
Explanation:

This is the best way to teach in science class as student will experience the activities and will be more helpful in understanding the subject.

Marry is an 18 year old girl. She is flabberghasted to see her elder brother's determination towards his religious beliefs. She has been studying about different religions but she certainly hasn't made up her mind about what she believes in. Marry would say that she is in the ________ category of identity formation.

  1. moratorium

  2. foreclosure

  3. diffusion

  4. identity achievement

  5. none of these


Correct Option: A
Explanation:

An identity moratorium is one step in the process of finding a sense of self. It is a period of active searching for one's occupational, religious, ethnic or other form of identity. During a moratorium, individuals typically explore many different options - such as visiting different types of churches - and do not feel committed to any one approach. In other words, a person in a moratorium is undergoing an active identity crisis. While this period may feel confusing and difficult to endure, many psychologists believe that an individual must go through a moratorium before he or she can form a true sense of identity (a state called identity achievement).

The trial and error method of instruction is best developed by:

  1. role playing

  2. programmed instruction

  3. the developmental lesson

  4. an audio visual lesson

  5. independent study


Correct Option: E
Explanation:

Trial and error is a fundamental method of solving problems. It is characterized by repeated, varied attempts which are continued until success and this can be best enhance by the method of independent study.

Martin Luther’s greatest contribution to education was his:

  1. Ninety – Five Theses

  2. Translation of the Bible into German

  3. Advocacy of science curriculum for the universities

  4. Concept of justification by good works

  5. None of these


Correct Option: B
Explanation:

This was the greatest contribution of Martin Luther to education as it gave an opportunity to many German to read and understand bible. This made many Germans literate with the holy Bible

In a kindergarten class it would be unreasonable to expect a child to

  1. care for plants

  2. clean up after clay work

  3. bring an old shirt for painting activities

  4. know when it is time to clean up

  5. return a class library book to the shelf


Correct Option: D
Explanation:

a kindergarten child will not be able to understand when its time to clean up as they are more interested in playing games one after the other such small kids can not understand cleanliness and its importance.

Which of the following is represented through the logical use of symbols related to abstract thinking?

  1. Egocentrism

  2. Schema

  3. Formal operational stage

  4. Cognitive development

  5. None of these


Correct Option: C
Explanation:

The formal operational stage is the fourth and final stage of cognitive development in Piaget's theory. This stage, which follows the Concrete Operational stage, commences at around 11 or 12 years of age (puberty) and continues into adulthood. In this stage, individuals move beyond concrete experiences and begin to think abstractly, reason logically, and draw conclusions from the information available as well as apply all these processes to hypothetical situations.

What is the meaning of the sentence 'child belonging to weaker section'?

  1. A child belonging to such parents whose annual income is low.

  2. A child belonging to such parents who come under the disadvantaged group.

  3. A child belonging to such parents who come under the category of below poverty line.

  4. A child belonging to such parents whose annual income is lower than the minimum limit specified by the appropriate government.

  5. None of these


Correct Option: D
Explanation:

Goverment has specified a minimum income limit and children who are belonging to such parents whose annual income is lower than the minimum limit specified by the appropriate government are called as child belonging to weaker section

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