In Australia, the courts are not bound by the decisions of superior courts.

Julius Stone said that jurisprudence is a lawyer’s extraversion. He further said that it is a lawyer’s examination of the percept, ideas and techniques of law in the light derived from present knowledge in disciplines other than the law. 

The state has four essential elements and those are Population, Territory, Government and Sovereignty.

The ownership of copyright is called incorporeal ownership. Ownership of a copyright is distinct from ownership of any material object in which the work is embodied. 

Analytical jurisprudence is dedicated to establishing what the law is, not to assessing the value of a given law or identifying desirable reforms.

Austin held the view that custom is not a source of law unless it has received judicial recognition or it has been embodied in a statue.

All are the principles enumerated in the Charter of the United Nations.

According to Joseph Raz, content of law must be based only on social facts, and not on moral arguments.

Jurisprudence includes thinking about the value of the law, and is not only about how the law works or what the law is. As such jurisprudence can draw on other disciplines such as philosophy or economics.

Herbert Lionel Adolphus Hart is a linguistic philosopher. Linguistic philosophy describes the view that philosophical problems are problems which may be solved either by reforming language or by understanding more about the language we presently use. 

Normative jurisprudence is concerned with the question of what the law ought to be, it is not normative in the sense that it studies norms or favours normalisation, but in the sense that it offers an interpretation of what the law ought to be.

Historical school of jurists recognised that custom law is superior to delegation, legislation and precedents.

The philosophy of natural law does not see law as an emanation of nature, but as a social necessity which reflects universal principles grounded on the nature of human beings.

I - 2, II - 1, III - 4, IV - 3

(i) - 3, (ii) - 4, (iii) - 2 , (iv) - 1