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Child Development and Pedagogy

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Most educators agree that oral reading ____________.

  1. comes naturally to good readers

  2. is difficult to do well that it is waste of time to teach it

  3. is useful only for appreciation of poetry

  4. requires an audience situation

  5. is only for poor readers so they can hear their own mistakes and be motivated to correct them


Correct Option: D
Explanation:

This is the correct answer on which most educators agree because oral reading requires audience to listen to that reading skill.

After a lesson is taught the teacher’s lesson plan should be _________.

  1. thrown away

  2. annotated

  3. filed for use of substitute teacher

  4. filed for use at the same time next year

  5. sent to the supervisor for evaluation


Correct Option: B
Explanation:

After the lesson is taught the teacher's lesson plan should be annotated with explanation and remarks about the lesson.

Suresh tells her teacher that three other girls, who are her friends, copy each other in nearly all the tests. Which of the following actions should the teacher take?

  1. Give the three girls zero in the last two tests

  2. Confer with Suresh’s mother

  3. Try to understand why Suresh said this

  4. Refer the three girls to the guidance counselor

  5. Ignore the remark


Correct Option: C
Explanation:

This should be the first step of teacher and she should try to find out reason behind this remark and later teacher should anayze all the girls' test paper.

The least appropriate first day activity in school is __________.

  1. saluting the flag

  2. assigning homework

  3. outlining the day’s schedule

  4. tending to class housekeeping

  5. principal giving a brief speech


Correct Option: B
Explanation:

Usually assigning homework on first day of the school is considered to be an inappropriate activity as for the first few days subject and lessons should be discussed with the students to make them more comforatable with the subject.

A silent, introvert fourth grader brings roadmaps to school and looks at them whenever he gets a chance. The teacher should _________________.

  1. encourage the pupil to talk about them in class

  2. tell the pupil to leave the maps at home

  3. take the maps away

  4. plan a unit on maps and globes

  5. call the mother to determine the reason for the behaviour


Correct Option: A
Explanation:

Teacher should encourage the student to talk and discuss about road map with the class and also guide other students on how to read the roadmap. Teacher can also help the student in understanding the roadmap.

The best procedure for a teacher to follow when a pupil habitually hides himself in class to escape from answering the teachers question is ___________.

  1. call on the pupil to answer questions that are within his/her ability level

  2. put a demerit in the marking book on each occasion

  3. refuse to recognize the pupil even when he/she is acting appropriately

  4. refer the pupil to the guidance counselor

  5. none of these


Correct Option: A
Explanation:

Asking student questions that are within his ability to answer will motivate the student to be attentive towards the class and will also help in increasing his ability of learning.

Individual differences within a class are best handled by __________.

  1. coaching slow children after school

  2. giving the bright students free reading time

  3. peer tutoring

  4. organizing groups for specific purposes

  5. marking each pupil fairly


Correct Option: D
Explanation:

In group activity all students of the group will work together for specific purpose and each member of the group can work effectively according to his own capability.

The discovery method of learning is best exemplified by __________.

  1. programmed instruction

  2. experimentation in a science laboratory

  3. team teaching

  4. individualized programming

  5. none of these


Correct Option: B
Explanation:

According to Van Joolingen (1999:385): “ Discovery learning is a type of learning where learners construct their own knowledge by experimenting with a domain  and inferring rules from the results of these experiments. The basic idea of this kind of learning is that because learners can design their own experiments in the domain and infer the rules of the domain themselves they are actually constructing their knowledge. Because of these constructive activities, it is assumed they will understand the domain at a higher level than when the necessary information is just presented by a teacher or an expository learning environment.”

A lesson taught with little or no flexibility, is least conductive to the learning of the student who ___________.

  1. is culturally disadvantaged

  2. is learning disabled

  3. has an IQ of 85

  4. has a IQ of 125

  5. all of these


Correct Option: D
Explanation:

A person with a 125 IQ score means that they have superior intelligence. It could also mean they have the ability to attain a bachelor of science degree in the Engineering Sciences. It means they have successfully passed the IQ (Intelligence Quotient) test. It tests an individuals intelligence and it demonstrates a person's intellectual capacity, their ability to apply knowledge and engage in abstract reasoning. An IQ score of 125 does not necessarily mean that a person has common sense; it means that the person is intellectually smart and highly gifted. The score also means that the person has the ability to achieve post graduate degrees and beyond if they choose to. About 6.7% of individuals fall between the 120 and 130 range.

The discovery method of teaching is best exemplified by ____________.

  1. play activities

  2. rote learning

  3. independent study projects

  4. the open textbook lesson

  5. all of these


Correct Option: C
Explanation:

A largely unstructured, situational method or philosophy of teaching whereby students are permitted to find solutions to problems on their own or at their own pace, often jointly in group activities, either independent of or under the guidance of a teacher.

The temporary change in behaviour due to continuous exposure to stimuli is called _________.

  1. habituation

  2. learning

  3. temporary learning

  4. motivation

  5. none of these


Correct Option: A
Explanation:

Habituation is a decrease in response to a stimulus after repeated presentations, which means that it only results into temporary change in behavior due to continuous exposure to a stimuli.

Piaget's four stages of cognitive development explains how a child mentally develops from birth to adolescents. Which of the following is the key feature of these four stages?

  1. Each later stage incorporates, what develops in the previous stage.

  2. Some children skip over or abbreviate certain stages

  3. The stages do not necessarily happen in the same order

  4. Each stage is similar to the previous one

  5. None of these


Correct Option: A
Explanation:

Sensori-motor period (from birth until age 2), Pre-operational stage (from 2-6 years, )Concrete operational stage (6-12 years), and Formal operational stage (12 years and up). Each of the stage is connected with the previous one.

The Right to Education Act, 2009 specifies that there will be more than 200 students admitted to classes from first to fifth. What will be the pupil- teacher ratio according to the act?

  1. Thirty

  2. Forty

  3. Forty five

  4. Twenty five

  5. Fifty


Correct Option: B
Explanation:

This means forty students per teacher and this is the correct ratio according to the act.

According to Vygotsky’s theory, it is best if teachers design educational programs that work _______________.

  1. just below a child’s zone of proximal development

  2. just above a child’s zone of proximal development

  3. within a child’s zone of proximal development

  4. against a child’s zone of proximal development

  5. none of these


Correct Option: C
Explanation:

The structures being explained should be neither so easy that the child has already internalized them nor so difficult that the child cannot understand them. This optimal level of difficulty lies within what Vygotsky called the child’s zone of proximal development.

According to Kohlberg, a teacher can develop moral values in children by ______.

  1. giving more importance to religious education

  2. laying clear rules of behaviour

  3. involving them in discussion on moral issues

  4. giving strict instructions on how to behave

  5. none of these


Correct Option: C
Explanation:

Discussing moral issues with students by way of telling them story will guide them the right path and inbuilt moral values in the students.

A paraprofessional in school may properly engage in all of the following activities expect ____________.

  1. assisting on annual day function

  2. conferring with parents about a child's behaviour

  3. making short answer tests

  4. teaching work

  5. distributing materials


Correct Option: B
Explanation:

Only a professional teacher can do this work as professional teacher is trained to confer with parents about a child's behaviour and a professional teacher can also tell remedies if the child's behaviour is not proper.

By which of the following is the team teaching not chartered?

  1. The use of master teacher

  2. The use of large group lectures

  3. Group planning

  4. Inflexible groupings

  5. Differentiated personnel assignments


Correct Option: D
Explanation:

Grouping needs to be flexible for team teaching for effective teaching and effective learning of the students otherwise inflexible grouping will create confusion in teaching process

Which of the following is a small machine used in the reading programme to increase rate of speed?

  1. The mnemonic device

  2. The sphygmomanometer

  3. The tachistoscope

  4. An audiometer

  5. The stadiometer


Correct Option: C
Explanation:

An apparatus for use in exposing visual stimuli, as pictures, letters, or words, for an extremely brief period, used chiefly to assess visual perception or to increase reading speed.

Lesson planning should be guided primarily by the consideration of __________.

  1. meeting the needs of the average child in the class

  2. creating a happy classroom environment

  3. the curriculum goals

  4. providing pupils with work

  5. satisfying parents


Correct Option: C
Explanation:

In every academic session their is a curriculum goal and lesson planning should be done taking into consideration that academic goal.

What is the best solution for a teacher to adopt with a pupil who frequently stammers in class?

  1. Afford the child ample opportunity to recite to the class.

  2. Ignore the child.

  3. Suggest that the parents seek professional help.

  4. Suggest that the parents apply for home instruction.

  5. Keep the child after school for individual help.


Correct Option: C
Explanation:

This is the right solution as only a professional knows how to deal with this problem and can find best solution for this problem.

A teacher should be catechized for all of the following practices except __________.

  1. excusing the poor behaviour of children from broken homes

  2. becoming overly friendly with pupils

  3. exercising firm leadership

  4. giving talented pupils special favours

  5. undermining the role of the parent


Correct Option: C
Explanation:

Teacher should be disciplined and not strong or dominating. Exercising firm leadership may be bad for student teacher relationship which may also effect teacher's teaching skills and students learning skills.

A teacher is trying to include visually challenged learners and other learners of a class in the same group activity. What is the teacher trying to do?

  1. Helping all the learners to develop sympathy towards the visually challenged learners.

  2. Likely to increase the stress on the visually challenged learner.

  3. Creating barriers to learning for the class.

  4. Acting according to the spirit of inclusive education.

  5. None of these


Correct Option: D
Explanation:

Teacher wants to remove the barrier between special children and normal children . Teacher wants them to learn and participate collectively.

On open day of the school, a mother of a fourth class student asks the teacher how can she improve her child’s reading ability. Which of the following is the poorest recommendation from the teacher?

  1. To encourage the child to make regular visits to the public library.

  2. To give the child books as presents for birthdays and special occasions.

  3. Take the child on trips to interesting places in the community.

  4. Read to the child.

  5. Strictly limit the child watching of television.


Correct Option: E
Explanation:

This is the poorest recommendation from the teacher.

Which of the following is the possible procedure to procure that should be followed by the teacher, after the class has taken a spelling test?

  1. Permit pupils to discuss the answers.

  2. Correct the paper of the pupils who failed to finish the test.

  3. Assign a drill to the entire class based on the most frequently misspelled words.

  4. Record the marks because 15 per cent of the class failed.

  5. Base some future language arts lesson on the results of the test.


Correct Option: C
Explanation:

This is an incorrect approach, rather the  teacher should analyse mistake of each student and guide the student accordingly.

Creative writing should be activity planned for whom?

  1. For those children who are reading on grade level.

  2. For those children who can spell and who can write cohesive sentences.

  3. For those children who want to write for the class newspaper.

  4. For every child.

  5. For children who consistently finish their regular language arts work on time.


Correct Option: D
Explanation:

Yes, it is correct. Creative writing should be open for all the students.

The teacher introduces a problem-solving chapter with good motivation and then asks for proposed solutions. No suggestions are forthcoming. The teacher is best advised to ___________.

  1. repeat the motivation until children respond

  2. tell the students to read their text

  3. show an interesting filmstrip

  4. stimulate pupils thoughts by advancing a few personal proposals

  5. assign the proposed solution for homework


Correct Option: D
Explanation:

This is the correct answer as teacher has already motivated the students, hence now she need to stimulate the students' thought by advancing few personal proposals. This will give each student more chance to think and find the solution.

Every time a child commits a mistake the teacher punishes him for that mistake but still teacher could not observe any change in his behavior. What do you think which policy the teacher should probably start practicing on the student?

  1. Retribution

  2. Corporal punishment

  3. Negative reinforcement

  4. Sarcasm

  5. None of these


Correct Option: C
Explanation:

Negative reinforcement is a key concept in B.F. Skinner's theory of operant conditioning. Negative reinforcement involves strengthening a behavior through the removal of an aversive stimulus. People often confuse negative reinforcement with punishment, but the two are not the same. Remember, reinforcement is used to increase the likelihood that a behavior will reoccur, while punishment is used to decrease a behaviour.

What is the purpose of exam evaluation?

  1. To label children as slow learners and gifted children.

  2. To identify children who need remediation.

  3. To diagnose learning difficulties and problem areas.

  4. To provide feedback on the extent to which educationalist has been successful in imparting education for a productive life.

  5. All of these


Correct Option: D
Explanation:

This is the actual purpose of valuation so that feedback on the extend to which educationalist has been successful in imparting education for a productive life.

Froebel’s most important contribution to education was his development of the ___________.

  1. vocational school

  2. high school

  3. kindergarten

  4. latin school

  5. none of these


Correct Option: C
Explanation:

Froebel was greatly influenced by the work of German Romatic philospohers Rousseau and Ficte. Froebel was the first to recognize that significant brain development occurs between birth and age 3. His method combines an awareness of human physiology and the recognition that we, at our essence, are creative beings. Once early childhood education became widely adopted, it was the natural starting point for innovations that followed. Froebel's method inspired and informed the work of Maria Montessori, Rudolf Steiner and other who adopted his ideas and adapted his materials according to their own work.

According to Piaget, infants in the sensorimotor thought stage cannot _________.

  1. use sensory impressions to understand the world

  2. use motor action to understand the world

  3. form symbolic representations to understand the world

  4. display reflexes during the first month after birth

  5. infants in the sensorimotor stage can do all of these above things


Correct Option: C
Explanation:

Infants develop the ability to use primitive symbols and form enduring mental representations. This stage is associated primarily with the beginnings of Insight or true creativity. This marks the passage into the preoperational stage.

Both Mohan and Rohan respond correctly to the famous water jar problem (according to which child perceives that the tall glass has more water than the thick glass even though they both actually carry the same amount of water). This illustrates that they have developed ______________(according to Piaget).

  1. formal operations.

  2. object permanence

  3. reversible thinking

  4. accommodation

  5. none of these


Correct Option: C
Explanation:

Reversibility: In Piaget's theory of cognitive development, the third stage is called the Concrete Operational stage. During this stage, which occurs from age 7-12, the child shows increased use of logical thinking. One of the important processes that develops is that of Reversibility, which refers to the ability to recognize that numbers or objects can be changed and returned to their original condition. For example, during this stage, a child understands that a favourite ball that deflates is not gone but can be filled with air again and put back into play.

Which of the following statements is correct about slow learners and bright learners?

  1. Bright children are likely to have a higher incidence of emotional problems.

  2. Slow learners are likely to have greater manual dexterity.

  3. Slow learners are likely to be physically stronger.

  4. Both groups are difficult to identify when very young.

  5. Both groups strive for success in school.


Correct Option: E
Explanation:

This is absolutely correct answer as this is true that both the students strive and work hard for success in school.

Terman showed that mentally gifted children ________.

  1. have a greater susceptibility to mental illness in adulthood

  2. score in the average IQ range as adults

  3. are successful during their youth but fail to reach their potential in adulthood

  4. are generally successful in their chosen occupations as adults

  5. none of these


Correct Option: D
Explanation:

The Terman Study showed that gifted children grow up to become gifted adults, and that they tend to be successful, well-adjusted, and long-lived.... healthier, wealthier, and wiser. They are taller and better-looking, on average, and they are an invitation to uncomfortable comparisons for the rest of us. It is hard not to feel competitive with them, and at a competitive disadvantage. The above statement by Terman indeed specifies that gifted children are generally successful in their chosen occupations as adults.

A class teacher is assigned several hours of school library management. Of the following, the teacher’s top priority should be to make sure that _______________.

  1. no books are lost or damaged

  2. only books that are popular with the children are ordered

  3. the card catalogue is in order

  4. the library is used appropriately by maximum number of children

  5. children are quiet while in the library


Correct Option: D
Explanation:

This is the correct answer as incase when class teacher is assigned the duty to take care library her first aim should be that library is used appropriately by maximum number of students.

Which of the following is the least important as one begins reading?

  1. A clear and lucid speech pattern.

  2. Normal vision and hearing.

  3. Directionality.

  4. Knowledge of the alphabet.

  5. A mental age of about six and half years.


Correct Option: D
Explanation:

This is the correct answer as to start reading least most important thing to have knowledge of alphabets as without knowledge of alphabets no one can read.

Which theory believes that human mind is mostly hidden like an iceberg and has three levels of consciousness?

  1. Trait theory

  2. Type theory

  3. Psychoanalytical theory

  4. Behaviourist theory

  5. None of these


Correct Option: C
Explanation:

According to Freud the human mind is like an iceberg. It is mostly hidden in the unconscious. He believed that the conscious level of the mind was similar to the tip of the iceberg which could be seen, but the unconscious was mysterious and was hidden. The unconscious also consists of aspects of personality of which a person is unaware. The conscious on the other hand is that which is within our awareness. The preconscious consists of that,  which is not in immediate awareness but is easily accessible. Sigmund Freud gave the concept of the Id, Ego, and Super Ego play in relation to conscious and unconscious thought. This thought is usually represented by the Iceberg Model.

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