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Economic Importance of Plants (GATE)

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Which among the following statements is/are correct?

A. Castor oil is obtained from Brassica rapa var. oleifera. B. Ephedra species produce the alkaloid ephedrine.
C. Topotecan is an anticancer agent extracted from Camptotheca sp.

  1. Only A

  2. Only B

  3. Only C

  4. Both A and B

  5. Both B and C


Correct Option: E
Explanation:

This option is correct because Ephedra species produce the alkaloid ephedrine, which is used in various medications and the cancer treatment drug topotecan is an extract of Camptotheca sp.

Flax fibre is soft, lustrous and flexible in property. Flax fibre is obtained from the genus

  1. Linum

  2. Corchorus

  3. Hibiscus

  4. Cocos

  5. Both (3) and (4)


Correct Option: A
Explanation:

Flax fibre is extracted from the bast or skin of the stem of Linum usitatissimum. Flax fibre is soft, lustrous and flexible in property. It is stronger than cotton fibre, but less elastic.

Which of the following genera has/have psychotropic effect?

A. Nicotiana B. Erythroxylum C. Ephedra

  1. Only A

  2. Only B

  3. Only C

  4. Both A and B

  5. Both B and C


Correct Option: D
Explanation:

Tobacco is a plant within the genus Nicotiana of the Solanaceae family. It has nicotine, which is a psychotropic drug. Erythroxylum coca is a tropical shrub that belongs to the family Erythroxylaceae, the leaves of which are the source of cocaine. The genus Ephedra belongs to the family Ephedraceae and contains alkaloid, ephedrine. It works mainly by increasing the activity of norepinephrine (noradrenalin) on adrenergic receptors.

Hence, A and B both have narcotic effect.

Which of the following anticancer drugs is/are obtained from Podophyllum peltatum?

P. Etoposide Q. Teniposide R. Paclitaxel

  1. Only P

  2. Only Q

  3. Only R

  4. Both P and Q

  5. Both Q and R


Correct Option: D
Explanation:

Two chemotherapy drugs, etoposide and teniposide, are derived from toxins found in Podophyllum peltatum. Pacitaxel is an anticancer drug that is obtained from Taxus brevifolia.

The gum arabic yielding plant is

  1. Acacia senegal

  2. Coffea arabica

  3. Prosopsis cineraria

  4. Cedrus deodara

  5. Hopea parviflora


Correct Option: A
Explanation:

Gum arabic is the most widely used and traded of the true water-soluble gums. True gum arabic is produced by Acacia senegal. Its main food-related uses are in confectionery, soft drinks and alcoholic beverages.

Which of the following edible beverages is/are prepared from Theobroma?

P. Cocoa Q. Chocolate R. Coffee S. Khus

  1. Only P

  2. Only Q

  3. Only P and Q

  4. Only R and S

  5. P, Q, R and S


Correct Option: C
Explanation:

The edible beverages prepared from Theobroma are cocoa and chocolate. Coffee and Khus are obtained from Coffea arabica and Vetiveria zizaniodes, respectively.

Which of the following plants are rubber-yielding?

P. Hevea braseliensis Q. Ficus elastica R. Maniliot glaziovii S. Dalbergia sisoo

  1. Only P and Q

  2. Only Q and R

  3. Only R and S

  4. P, Q and R

  5. Q, R and S


Correct Option: D
Explanation:

This option is correct because Hevea braseliensis, Ficus elastic and Maniliot glaziovii are rubber-yielding plants.

Which of the following plants is/are called Indian rubber?

P. Hevea braseliensis Q. Ficus elastica R. Maniliot glaziovii

  1. Only P

  2. Only Q

  3. Only R

  4. Both P and Q

  5. Both Q and R


Correct Option: B
Explanation:

Ficus elastica belongs to the family Moraceae and is called Indian rubber.

Vasicine alkaloid, which is used as a bronchodilator in therapeutics, is obtained from the plant(s)

A. Adhatoda vasica B. Withania somniferum C. Astragalus gummifer

  1. Only A

  2. Only B

  3. Only C

  4. Both A and B

  5. Both B and C


Correct Option: A
Explanation:

The indigenous medicinal plant, Adhatoda vasica, commonly known as vasaka, is used as a herbal remedy for allergen-induced bronchial obstruction, asthma and tuberculosis. It contains Vasicine alkaloid.

Match the following:

 
Group - I (economic products)
Group - II (botanical names)
P. Jojoba esters 1. Phytelephas macrocarp
Q. Tagua nut 2. Simmondsia chinensis
R. Dende oil 3. Hevea brasiliensis
S. Guayule 4. Elaeis guineensis
5. Porthenium argeratum
  1. P - 5, Q - 2, R - 4, S - 1

  2. P - 2, Q - 1, R - 4, S - 5

  3. P - 2, Q - 5, R - 1, S - 3

  4. P - 4, Q - 1, R - 2, S - 3

  5. P - 3, Q - 2, R - 4, S - 1


Correct Option: B
Explanation:

Jojoba esters are the ester matter produced in the seed of Simmondsia chinensis. Tagua nut is a product made from the very hard white endosperm of the seeds of certain palm tree species in the genus Phytelephas native to South America, which are the most important sources of tagua nut. Dende oil is an edible vegetable oil derived from the mesocarp (reddish pulp) of the fruit of the oil palms, primarily the African oil palm Elaeis guineensis. Guayule is obtained from Porthenium argeratum.

Which of the following sets represents timber-yielding plants?

  1. Artocarpus hirsutus, Terminalia arjuna, Anogeissus latifolia

  2. Acacia nilotica, Ficus benghalensis, Corchorus capsularis

  3. Corchorus capsularis, Linum usitatissimum, Boehmeria nivea

  4. Linum usitatissimum, Boehmeria nivea, Terminalia arjuna

  5. Artocarpus hirsutus, Corchorus capsularis, Acacia nilotica


Correct Option: A
Explanation:

There are over 150 species of timber that are produced in India. Following are some varieties of timber trees that are used for engineering purposes in India: Artocarpus hirsutus, Terminalia arjuna, Anogeissus latifolia, Acacia nilotica, Ficus benghalensis, etc.

Hence, the set ‘Artocarpus hirsutus, Terminalia arjuna, Anogeissus latifolia’ represents timber-yielding plants.

Which of the following pairs is not correct?

  1. Henna : Shikonin

  2. Madder : Alizarin

  3. Gallnut : Tannin

  4. Cutch : Catechin

  5. Logwood : Hematein


Correct Option: A
Explanation:

Henna contains lawsone, a naphthoquinone compound, as a colouring agent. Shikonin is the principal colouring pigment of purple gromwell (Lithospermum erythrorhizon).

Which of the following pairs is not correctly matched?

  1. Pyrethrin : Chrysosporium indicum

  2. Digitalis : Digitalis purpurea

  3. Physostigmine : Physostigma venenosum

  4. Morphine : Papaver somniferum

  5. Pilocarpine : Pilocarpus sp.


Correct Option: A
Explanation:

The Pyrethrins are a pair of natural organic compounds, which are normally derived from Chrysanthemum cinerariifolium that have potent insecticidal activity. The alkaloid solanine is derived from unripe fruits of Solanum dulcamara and showed antidermatophytic activity against Chrysosporium indicum.

Which of the following plants produce(s) atropine alkaloid?

P. Datura stramonium Q. Atropa belladonna R. Solanum dulcamara

  1. Only P

  2. Only Q

  3. Only R

  4. Both P and Q

  5. Both Q and R


Correct Option: D
Explanation:

All parts of Datura plants contain tropane alkaloids - atropine, hyoscyamine and scopolamine, which are classified as deliriants or anticholinergics. Atropa belladonna contains active agents in belladonna, atropine, hyoscine and hyoscyamine, and have anticholinergic properties. Solanum dulcamara contains the alkaloids, solanine (from unripe fruits), solasodine (from flowers) and beta-solamarine (from roots). Hence, P and Q both produce atropine alkaloid.

Match the following:

 
List - A
List - B
A. Maniliot glaziovii 1. Masticatory
B. Areca catechu 2. Rubber-yielding plant
C. Cedrella toona 3. Fibre-yielding plant
D. Hibiscus subdarifa 4. Fumitory
5. Timber-yielding plant
  1. A - 2, B - 1, C - 5, D - 3

  2. A - 3, B - 2, C - 5, D - 1

  3. A - 4, B - 1, C - 2, D - 5

  4. A - 1, B - 5, C - 4, D - 3

  5. A - 2, B - 1, C - 2, D - 5


Correct Option: A
Explanation:

Maniliot glaziovii is a rubber-yielding plant, Areca catechu is used as a masticatory along with betel, Cedrella toona is a timber-yielding plant and Hibiscus subdarifa is a fibre-yielding plant.

Hence, the correct sequence is A - 2, B - 1, C - 5, D - 3.

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