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Human Diseases

Description: Diseases caused by bacteria, fungi, virus and protozoa
Number of Questions: 30
Created by:
Tags: Diseases Infectious Diseases Infectious and Non Infectious Diseases Life Sciences Bacterial Diseases Health and Diseases Protozoan Diseases Protozoal Diseases Viral Diseases
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Which of the following is a communicable disease?

  1. Small pox

  2. Diabetes

  3. Heart attack

  4. Beri beri

  5. Colour blindness


Correct Option: A
Explanation:

It is a type of communicable or infectious disease caused by some germs. These germs somehow must reach a new healthy person before he can suffer from the disease. The cause of the disease is called pathogen and its transmission from one person to another is called infection. Other common infectious diseases are cholera, malaria, etc.

In which disease does the inflammation of joints due to deteriorating metabolism occur?

  1. Scurvy

  2. Goitre

  3. Hay fever

  4. Schizophrenia

  5. Arthritis


Correct Option: D
Explanation:

Arthritis is a form of joint disorder that involves inflammation of one or more joints. The most common form of osteoarthritis (degenerative joint disease) is a result of trauma to the joint, infection of the joint or age. Other arthritis forms are rheumatoid arthritis, psoriatic arthritis, and related autoimmune diseases. Septic arthritis is caused by joint infection. Schizophrenia is a mental disorder characterised by a breakdown of thought processes and by poor emotional responsiveness.

Which of the following diseases is the infectious condition of small intestine?

  1. Tuberculosis

  2. Tetanus

  3. Syphilis

  4. Asthma

  5. Cholera


Correct Option: E
Explanation:

Cholera is an infection of the small intestine that causes a large amount of watery diarrhea.

Based on the extent of occurrence, to which group can the disease 'malaria' be categorised?

  1. Endemic

  2. Air borne

  3. Epidemic

  4. Pandemic

  5. Sporadic


Correct Option: E
Explanation:

When there are scattered cases of a disease, they are called sporadic. Malaria and cholera are the diseases belong to this category.

Which of the following diseases is known as lockjaw, where the germ enters the body through deep wounds?

  1. Malaria

  2. Tuberculosis

  3. Tetanus

  4. Poliomyelitis

  5. Gonorrhea


Correct Option: C
Explanation:

Tetanus is an infection of the nervous system with the potentially deadly bacteria Clostridium tetani.

Which of the following diseases can damage the lungs?

  1. Pertussis

  2. Leprosy

  3. Diphtheria

  4. Typhoid fever

  5. Pneumonia


Correct Option: E
Explanation:

Pneumonia is an infection of the lungs that is caused by bacteria, viruses, fungi, or parasites.

Triple vaccine DPT provides immunity from the bacterial diseases diphtheria, tetanus, and ________________.

  1. pneumonia

  2. whooping cough

  3. typhoid fever

  4. amoebiasis

  5. polio


Correct Option: B
Explanation:

Whooping cough (pertussis) is an infection of the respiratory system caused by the bacterium Bordetella pertussis. DPT refers to a class of combination vaccines against three infectious diseases in human; diphtheria, pertussis (whooping cough) and tetanus. The vaccine components include diphtheria and tetanus toxoids, and killed whole cells of the organism that causes pertussis.

What are the small infectious particles that can remain air borne and travel long distances?

  1. Vectors

  2. Droplet nuclei

  3. Infectious agent

  4. Reservoir

  5. Fomites


Correct Option: B
Explanation:

Airborne droplet nuclei develop when the fluid of pathogenic droplets (1 to 5 m in size) evaporates. They are so small and light, and they may remain suspended in the air for several hours. Thus, they may also infect persons entering a room which has been left by a patient long ago.

Which disease is caused by the bacterium Treponema pallidum?

  1. Athlete's foot

  2. Yellow fever

  3. Measles

  4. Syphilis

  5. Sleeping sickness


Correct Option: D
Explanation:

Syphilis is a highly contagious disease spread primarily by sexual activity. It infects the genital area, lips, mouth or anus of both men and women.

What refers to the invasion and multiplication of pathogenic microbes in the body tissues in which they are not usually present?

  1. Allergy

  2. Cancer

  3. Infection

  4. Contamination

  5. Colonisation


Correct Option: C
Explanation:

Infection is the invasion of a host organism's bodily tissues by disease causing organisms.

Which of the following diseases is spread by eating infected pork or beef?

  1. Ascariasis

  2. Taeniasis

  3. Rabies

  4. Poliomyelitis

  5. Mumps


Correct Option: B
Explanation:

Taeniasis is a form of tapeworm infection, which is caused by tapeworms of the genus Taenia. In humans, the mode of transmission is by the ingestion of undercooked beef or pork containing the larval cysts.

Which of the following diseases mainly affects the parotid salivary glands?

  1. Measles

  2. Poliomyelitis

  3. Mumps

  4. Rabies

  5. Taeniasis


Correct Option: C
Explanation:

Mumps is a virus that can lead to swelling and pain in the salivary glands along with fever, loss of appetite and fatigue.

Which of the following is a symptom of the disease 'rubeola'?

  1. Pus filled small vesicles on the face or upper trunk

  2. Koplik's spots on the lesions of the oral cavity

  3. Swelling and tenderness of the salivary glands

  4. Jaundice

  5. Pain or paresthesia at the wound site


Correct Option: B
Explanation:

A characteristic marker of measles are koplik's spots, small red spots with blue white centers that appear inside the mouth.

Which viral disease is characterised by the presence of negri bodies within brain neurons?

  1. Leukemia

  2. Herpes

  3. HIV

  4. Syphilis

  5. Rabies


Correct Option: E
Explanation:

Rabies is a viral disease that causes acute encephalitis in warm blooded animals. Negri bodies are eosinophilic sharply outlined pathognomonic inclusion bodies found in the cytoplasm of certain nerve cells containing the virus of rabies especially in Ammon's horn of the hippocampus. It is also found in the cerebellar cortex of postmortem brain samples of rabies victims. They consist ribonuclear proteins produced by the virus.

Which antigenic particle present in the serum of individuals, infected with the virus hepatitis B, contain both DNA and DNA polymerase?

  1. A spherical 22 nm particle

  2. Dane particle

  3. Tubular or filamentous 22 m particle

  4. GP 120 envelope protein

  5. p7 nucleocapsid protein


Correct Option: B
Explanation:

The virus particle consists an outer lipid envelope and an icosahedral nucleocapsid core composed of protein. These virions are 42 nm in diameter and are sometimes referred to as Dane particles. This is known as the Dane particle as it was discovered by Dane in 1970. The nucleocapsid encloses the viral DNA and a DNA polymerase that has reverse transcriptase activity.

By the use of attenuated varicella vaccine, which disease can be prevented?

  1. Influenza

  2. Rubeola

  3. Chickenpox

  4. Hepatitis

  5. Rubella


Correct Option: C
Explanation:

The varicella vaccine is a live (attenuated) virus that protects against the viral disease commonly known as chickenpox caused by the varicella zoster virus (VZV). The varicella vaccine is marketed as varivax in the U.S and globally as varilrix by glaxosmithkline. Another vaccine that is known as Zostavax is simply a larger than normal dose of varivax, and is used to reduce the risk of shingles also called herpes zoster and postherpetic neuralgia that are caused by the same virus.

In which disease does the human papillomavirus form horny projections on the skin?

  1. Chicken pox

  2. Small pox

  3. Syphilis

  4. Warts

  5. Measles


Correct Option: D
Explanation:

Warts are small usually painless growths on the skin caused by a virus called human papillomavirus (HPV). A wart is generally a small rough growth typically on a human's hands or feet but often other locations that can resemble a cauliflower or a solid blister.

Which disease results from a throat infection with a strain of Streptococcus pyogenes that carries a lysogenic bacteriophage?

  1. Sore throat

  2. Scarlet fever

  3. Cellulitis

  4. Impetigo

  5. Pertussis


Correct Option: B
Explanation:

Scarlet fever is a disease caused by infection with the group A Streptococcus bacteria. This bacterium will produce a toxin that leads to the hallmark red rash of the illness.

Which disease is known as Hansen's disease?

  1. Tuberculosis

  2. Leprosy

  3. Gonorrhea

  4. Anthrax

  5. Meningitis


Correct Option: B
Explanation:

Leprosy is also known as Hansen's disease (HD). It is a chronic disease caused by the bacteria Mycobacterium leprae and Mycobacterium lepromatosis.

What is the carrier state of an individual who has recovered from the infectious disease, but continues to harbor large numbers of the pathogen?

  1. Chronic carrier

  2. Active carrier

  3. Healthy carrier

  4. Incubatory carrier

  5. Convalescent carrier


Correct Option: E
Explanation:

Convalescent carrier is a person who has recovered from the symptoms of an infectious disease but is still capable of transmitting pathogens to others. Persons in this category are the most frequent source of infection for others.

How many external spikes is present in the enveloped structure of the HIV virion?

  1. 68

  2. 69

  3. 70

  4. 71

  5. 72


Correct Option: E
Explanation:

HIV-1 virus is made up of protein envelope and two copies of single stranded RNA of the genome. The envelope contains 72 external spikes. This spike is made up from the glycoproteins GP120 and GP41. Here GP stands  for glycoprotein and the number refers the mass of protein. GP120 is present in external spike and GP41 is in transmembrane.

Which of the following is an acute infection and inflammation of the dermal layer of the skin caused by the organism Streptococcus?

  1. Erysipelas

  2. Cellulitis

  3. Impetigo

  4. Glomerulonephritis

  5. Rheumatic fever


Correct Option: A
Explanation:

Erysipelas is a bacterial skin infection involving the upper dermis that characteristically extends into the superficial cutaneous lymphatics. It is usually caused by group A Streptococcus bacteria.

Which disease has a long incubation period of 14 to 21 days?

  1. Small pox

  2. Chicken pox

  3. Measles

  4. Leprosy

  5. Whooping cough


Correct Option: B
Explanation:

Chicken pox is a highly contagious disease caused by primary infection with varicella zoster virus (VZV). It usually starts with vesicular skin rash mainly on the body and head rather than at the periphery, and becomes itchy, raw pockmark which mostly heal without scarring.

Which of the given pathogens is responsible for the disease scabies?

  1. Virus

  2. Mites

  3. Worms

  4. Bacteria

  5. Fungus


Correct Option: B
Explanation:

Mite is a term commonly used to refer a group of insect like organisms, some of which bite or cause irritation to humans. Scabies is an easily spread skin disease caused by a very small species of mite. Symptoms of this disease are itching (especially at night), rashes (especially between the fingers) and sores (abrasions) on the skin from scratching and digging.

Which of the following antibiotics can be suggested for the treatment of the disease 'tuberculosis'?

  1. Streptomycin

  2. Tetracyclin

  3. BCG

  4. Penicillin

  5. Chloromycetin


Correct Option: A
Explanation:

Streptomycin is the first antibiotic drug of a class of drugs called aminoglycosides and it was the first antibiotic remedy for tuberculosis.

Which fungal disease is associated with the formation of hard black nodules on the hairs of the scalp?

  1. Tinea versicolor

  2. Black piedra

  3. White piedra

  4. Tinea barbae

  5. Tinea capitis


Correct Option: B
Explanation:

Black piedra is a superficial fungal infection of the hair shaft caused by Piedra hortae forming hard black nodules on the shafts of the scalp, beard, moustache, and pubic hair.

Which disease is known as valley fever?

  1. Blastomycosis

  2. Histoplasmosis

  3. Coccidioidomycosis

  4. Aspergillosis

  5. Candidiasis


Correct Option: C
Explanation:

Coccidioidomycosis or valley fever is an infection that occurs when the spores of the fungus Coccidioides immitis enter your body through the lungs.

Which of the following is a sexually transmitted protozoan disease?

  1. Trichomoniasis

  2. Toxoplasmosis

  3. Trypanosomiasis

  4. Histoplasmosis

  5. Candidiasis


Correct Option: A
Explanation:

Trichomoniasis is a sexually transmitted infection caused by the parasite Trichomonas vaginalis. It is sometimes referred to as trich and a common cause of vaginitis.

Which of the following organisms is the etiological agent of the disease 'Q fever'?

  1. Coxiella burnetti

  2. Yersinia pestis

  3. Salmonella typhi

  4. Mycobacterium bovis

  5. Psudomonas pseudomallei


Correct Option: A
Explanation:

Q fever is a disease caused by infection of Coxiella burnetii, which is a bacterium that affects humans and other animals. The infection results from inhalation of a spore like small cell variant and from contact with the milk, urine, feces, vaginal mucus or semen of infected animals.

Which fungus is responsible for the disease athlete's foot?

  1. Cryptococcus

  2. Sporothrix schenckii

  3. Trichophyton rubrum

  4. Tinea versicolor

  5. Microsporum


Correct Option: C
Explanation:

Athlete's foot, also known as ringworm of the foot, or tinea pedis, is a fungal infection of the skin that causes scaling, flaking and itch of affected areas. It is caused by fungi in the genus Trichophyton. The fungus genus Trichophyton is characterized by the development of both smooth walled macro and microconidia. Trichophyton rubrum is a fungus that is the most common cause of athlete's foot, jock itch and ringworm.

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