Nationalism is primarily characterized by a sense of belonging to a nation or a shared identity based on common language, culture, history, or ethnicity.

Democracy is characterized by majority rule, minority rights, and protection of individual liberties, while rule by a single leader is a characteristic of autocracy or dictatorship.

Nationalism and democracy are not necessarily mutually exclusive. It is possible for a nation to have a strong sense of national identity while also embracing democratic principles.

France is often regarded as the birthplace of modern nationalism due to the French Revolution in the late 18th century, which promoted ideas of national unity and self-determination.

The primary goal of a nationalist movement is typically to achieve political independence for their nation or ethnic group.

Nationalism is often criticized for its potential to lead to discrimination, xenophobia, conflict, and war, but it is not typically associated with promoting economic growth.

Civic nationalism emphasizes shared citizenship, values, and institutions as the basis for national identity, rather than ethnic or cultural factors.

Rule by a single leader is not a common element of democratic governance, as democracy typically involves the participation of citizens in decision-making through regular elections and the protection of minority rights.

National democracy refers to a political system that seeks to balance the principles of democracy with the aspirations of nationalism, often emphasizing national unity and self-determination.

Rapid economic growth is typically not a common challenge faced by newly independent nations, as they often struggle with economic instability, political instability, and ethnic conflicts.

Liberalism is a political ideology that emphasizes the importance of individual liberty, limited government, and the protection of individual rights.

Rule by a single leader is not a common feature of a democratic government, as democracy typically involves the separation of powers, checks and balances, and the protection of minority rights.

National socialism is a political ideology that combines elements of nationalism and socialism, often emphasizing the importance of national unity, self-determination, and social welfare.

Democracy is often criticized for its potential to lead to political instability, inefficiency, and tyranny of the majority, but it is not typically associated with promoting economic inequality.

Socialism is a political ideology that emphasizes the importance of social equality and economic justice, often advocating for government intervention in the economy and social welfare programs.