Theophrastus, a Greek philosopher and student of Aristotle, is widely regarded as the father of modern botany for his extensive work on plant classification and physiology.

Andreas Vesalius, a Flemish anatomist, revolutionized the study of human anatomy with his groundbreaking work 'De Humani Corporis Fabrica', which provided detailed illustrations and descriptions of the human body.

Andreas Vesalius's 'De Humani Corporis Fabrica' was a groundbreaking work that provided detailed illustrations and descriptions of the human body, challenging traditional Galenic views and revolutionizing the study of human anatomy.

Leonardo da Vinci, known for his artistic genius, also made significant contributions to the study of human anatomy through his detailed anatomical drawings and dissections, providing valuable insights into the structure and function of the human body.

Pietro Andrea Mattioli, an Italian physician and botanist, made significant contributions to the study of plants and their medicinal properties. His work 'Commentarii in sex libros Pedacii Dioscoridis Anazarbei de Materia Medica' provided detailed descriptions and illustrations of plants and their uses.

Francis Bacon, an English philosopher and statesman, is credited with developing the concept of the scientific method, emphasizing the importance of observation, experimentation, and logical reasoning in scientific inquiry.

Nicolaus Copernicus, a Polish astronomer and mathematician, is known for his groundbreaking work on the heliocentric model of the solar system, which placed the Sun at the center and the Earth and other planets revolving around it.

Galileo Galilei, an Italian astronomer and physicist, made significant contributions to the understanding of motion and gravity. His experiments and observations challenged Aristotelian physics and laid the foundation for classical mechanics.

Johannes Kepler, a German astronomer and mathematician, is known for his laws of planetary motion, which described the elliptical orbits of planets and their relationship to the Sun.

Galileo Galilei, an Italian astronomer and mathematician, made significant contributions to the study of astronomy. His observations of the moons of Jupiter challenged the geocentric model and supported the heliocentric model.

Carl Linnaeus, a Swedish botanist, physician, and zoologist, is known for his work on the classification of plants and the development of the binomial nomenclature system used in modern taxonomy.

William Harvey, an English physician and naturalist, made significant contributions to the study of human and animal anatomy, including the discovery of the pulmonary circulation, which revolutionized the understanding of the circulatory system.

John Ray, an English naturalist, is known for his work on the classification of animals and the development of the concept of species. He made significant contributions to the field of taxonomy.

Pietro Andrea Mattioli, an Italian physician and naturalist, made significant contributions to the study of plants and their medicinal properties. He is known for his discovery of quinine, an antimalarial drug.

The concept of natural selection was not developed during the Renaissance period.