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The Implications of Internalism and Externalism for Coherentism

Description: Explore the implications of internalism and externalism for coherentism, a theory of epistemic justification.
Number of Questions: 14
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Tags: epistemology coherentism internalism externalism
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Which of the following is a central tenet of internalism in epistemology?

  1. Justification is determined solely by internal factors.

  2. Justification is determined solely by external factors.

  3. Justification is determined by both internal and external factors.

  4. Justification is determined by neither internal nor external factors.

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Correct Option: A
Explanation:

Internalism asserts that the justification of a belief is determined solely by factors internal to the believer, such as their cognitive states, evidence, and reasoning processes.

What is the primary concern of externalism in epistemology?

  1. The relationship between justification and truth.

  2. The relationship between justification and evidence.

  3. The relationship between justification and cognitive states.

  4. The relationship between justification and external factors.

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Correct Option: D
Explanation:

Externalism focuses on the role of factors external to the believer, such as the environment, social interactions, and cultural norms, in determining the justification of a belief.

According to coherentism, what is the primary criterion for epistemic justification?

  1. Coherence with other beliefs.

  2. Coherence with sensory experience.

  3. Coherence with external authorities.

  4. Coherence with innate principles.

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Correct Option: A
Explanation:

Coherentism maintains that the justification of a belief is primarily determined by its coherence with other beliefs held by the believer, forming a coherent belief system.

How does internalism challenge the coherentist account of epistemic justification?

  1. By arguing that coherence is not a necessary condition for justification.

  2. By arguing that coherence is not a sufficient condition for justification.

  3. By arguing that coherence is neither necessary nor sufficient for justification.

  4. By arguing that coherence is both necessary and sufficient for justification.

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Correct Option: B
Explanation:

Internalists argue that coherence alone is not sufficient for justification because it is possible to have a coherent system of beliefs that is not justified, such as a system based on false premises.

How does externalism respond to the internalist critique of coherentism?

  1. By arguing that coherence is not a necessary condition for justification.

  2. By arguing that coherence is not a sufficient condition for justification.

  3. By arguing that coherence is neither necessary nor sufficient for justification.

  4. By arguing that coherence is both necessary and sufficient for justification.

Show answer
Correct Option: A
Explanation:

Externalists argue that coherence is not a necessary condition for justification because it is possible to have justified beliefs that are not coherent with other beliefs held by the believer, such as beliefs based on reliable testimony.

Which of the following is a common objection to internalism in epistemology?

  1. The problem of circularity.

  2. The problem of skepticism.

  3. The problem of regress.

  4. The problem of dogmatism.

Show answer
Correct Option: A
Explanation:

The problem of circularity arises for internalism because the justification of a belief is determined by its coherence with other beliefs, which in turn may be justified by their coherence with the first belief, leading to a circular justification.

How does externalism address the problem of circularity faced by internalism?

  1. By appealing to external factors to break the circularity.

  2. By denying the need for non-circular justification.

  3. By arguing that circularity is not a problem for justification.

  4. By providing an alternative account of justification that avoids circularity.

Show answer
Correct Option: A
Explanation:

Externalists argue that the problem of circularity can be avoided by appealing to external factors, such as the environment, social interactions, and cultural norms, to provide a non-circular justification for beliefs.

What is the primary advantage of coherentism over foundationalism in epistemology?

  1. Coherentism avoids the problem of circularity.

  2. Coherentism avoids the problem of skepticism.

  3. Coherentism avoids the problem of regress.

  4. Coherentism avoids the problem of dogmatism.

Show answer
Correct Option: C
Explanation:

Coherentism avoids the problem of regress, which arises for foundationalism due to the need for an infinite regress of foundational beliefs, by allowing for the justification of beliefs through their coherence with other beliefs, rather than relying on a foundation of indubitable beliefs.

How does coherentism handle the challenge of skeptical arguments?

  1. By appealing to the coherence of our beliefs with our experiences.

  2. By appealing to the coherence of our beliefs with our social practices.

  3. By appealing to the coherence of our beliefs with our innate principles.

  4. By appealing to the coherence of our beliefs with our desires.

Show answer
Correct Option: A
Explanation:

Coherentists argue that skeptical arguments can be resisted by appealing to the coherence of our beliefs with our experiences, which provide a non-skeptical starting point for justification.

Which of the following is a potential disadvantage of coherentism in epistemology?

  1. Coherentism is too subjective.

  2. Coherentism is too relativistic.

  3. Coherentism is too dogmatic.

  4. Coherentism is too skeptical.

Show answer
Correct Option: A
Explanation:

A potential disadvantage of coherentism is that it may be seen as too subjective, as the justification of beliefs is determined by their coherence with other beliefs held by the individual, which can vary from person to person.

How does coherentism respond to the objection that it is too subjective?

  1. By arguing that coherence is not a subjective criterion.

  2. By arguing that subjectivity is not a problem for justification.

  3. By arguing that coherentism is not committed to subjectivity.

  4. By providing an alternative account of justification that avoids subjectivity.

Show answer
Correct Option: A
Explanation:

Coherentists argue that coherence is not a subjective criterion because it is based on objective logical relations between beliefs, rather than on the individual's subjective preferences or feelings.

What is the primary difference between internalism and externalism in epistemology?

  1. Internalism focuses on the role of internal factors in justification, while externalism focuses on the role of external factors.

  2. Internalism focuses on the role of evidence in justification, while externalism focuses on the role of coherence.

  3. Internalism focuses on the role of foundational beliefs in justification, while externalism focuses on the role of non-foundational beliefs.

  4. Internalism focuses on the role of skepticism in justification, while externalism focuses on the role of dogmatism.

Show answer
Correct Option: A
Explanation:

The primary difference between internalism and externalism in epistemology lies in their respective emphases on the role of internal factors (such as cognitive states, evidence, and reasoning processes) and external factors (such as the environment, social interactions, and cultural norms) in determining the justification of beliefs.

Which of the following is a common criticism of coherentism in epistemology?

  1. Coherentism is too subjective.

  2. Coherentism is too relativistic.

  3. Coherentism is too dogmatic.

  4. Coherentism is too skeptical.

Show answer
Correct Option: B
Explanation:

A common criticism of coherentism is that it is too relativistic, as it allows for the justification of contradictory beliefs in different individuals or communities, depending on their respective belief systems.

How does coherentism address the criticism that it is too relativistic?

  1. By arguing that coherence is not a subjective criterion.

  2. By arguing that relativism is not a problem for justification.

  3. By arguing that coherentism is not committed to relativism.

  4. By providing an alternative account of justification that avoids relativism.

Show answer
Correct Option: C
Explanation:

Coherentists argue that coherentism is not committed to relativism because it allows for the possibility of objective standards of coherence that can be used to evaluate the justification of beliefs across different individuals or communities.

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