Aristotle is widely regarded as the father of modern ethics due to his systematic and comprehensive approach to ethical theory in works such as the Nicomachean Ethics.

Utilitarianism is an ethical theory that holds that the right action is the one that produces the greatest amount of good or happiness for the greatest number of people.

Evolutionary ethics proposes that moral behavior is a product of natural selection, which favors traits that promote the survival and reproductive success of individuals and groups.

The moral sense refers to the innate capacity for moral judgment and decision-making that is believed to be part of human nature.

Deontology, as exemplified by Immanuel Kant's categorical imperative, focuses on the inherent rightness or wrongness of actions based on universal moral principles, rather than their consequences.

Virtue ethics, as advocated by Aristotle, emphasizes the importance of cultivating virtuous character traits as the basis for ethical decision-making.

In Kohlberg's theory, post-conventional morality represents the highest level of moral development, characterized by an internalized sense of justice and a commitment to universal ethical principles.

Moral conformity refers to the tendency of individuals to adjust their moral beliefs and behaviors to align with the norms of their social group, regardless of their personal convictions.

Situation ethics, as proposed by Joseph Fletcher, argues that the rightness or wrongness of an action depends on the unique circumstances of the situation, rather than on universal moral principles.

The golden rule is a moral principle that encourages individuals to treat others the way they want to be treated, promoting reciprocity and fairness in interpersonal relationships.

Evolutionary ethics suggests that moral behavior evolved as a means to maintain social order and cooperation within groups, thereby increasing the chances of survival and reproductive success.

Rationalism, as exemplified by the Stoic philosophers, emphasizes the use of reason and logic as the primary basis for making moral decisions, rather than relying on emotions or traditional beliefs.

The non-maleficence principle is a fundamental ethical principle that requires individuals to refrain from causing harm to others, either intentionally or unintentionally.

Autonomy-based ethics, as advocated by Immanuel Kant, emphasizes the importance of respecting individual autonomy and the right to make choices without coercion or manipulation.

The justice principle is a fundamental ethical principle that requires individuals to treat others fairly and equitably, ensuring that benefits and burdens are distributed justly.