Rational Choice Theory suggests that parties rationally calculate the benefits and costs of forming coalitions to increase their electoral success.

Ideological coalitions are formed between parties that share similar core beliefs and values, leading to policy convergence.

Electoral coalitions are formed between parties with different ideologies and policy preferences, united solely by the goal of winning elections.

Loose coalitions allow parties to retain their distinct identities and policy positions while cooperating on specific issues.

Amalgamated coalitions result in the dissolution of individual parties and the formation of a new, unified party.

Regional coalitions are formed between parties representing distinct geographical regions, often to address regional issues and concerns.

Institutional Theory highlights the influence of institutional factors, such as electoral systems and party laws, on coalition formation and behavior.

Unlikely coalitions are formed between parties with significant historical differences or ideological disagreements.

Class coalitions are formed between parties representing distinct social classes, often to advance policies that benefit specific economic groups.

Faith-based coalitions are formed between parties representing different religious or cultural groups, often to address issues of religious freedom or cultural identity.

Policy-Oriented Theory suggests that parties form coalitions to advance their policy agendas and influence government decisions.

Ethnic coalitions are formed between parties representing distinct ethnic or linguistic groups, often to address issues of cultural identity and minority rights.

Game Theory models coalition formation and behavior as a strategic game, where parties negotiate and bargain to maximize their outcomes.

Mixed coalitions are formed between parties with different ideologies or policy positions, often to address specific issues or challenges.

Leadership Theory highlights the influence of individual leaders and their personal relationships in shaping coalition formation and behavior.