Biodiversity encompasses the entire spectrum of life on Earth, from the smallest microorganisms to the largest whales, and includes the genetic diversity within species, the variety of species within ecosystems, and the range of ecosystems across the planet.

While invasive species can have significant impacts on local ecosystems, they are not considered to be a major global threat to biodiversity on the same scale as habitat loss, climate change, and pollution.

Biodiversity provides a wide range of ecosystem services that are essential for human well-being, including water purification, pollination, climate regulation, and many others.

The Convention on Biological Diversity (CBD) is a legally binding international treaty that aims to conserve biodiversity, ensure the sustainable use of its components, and share the benefits of genetic resources equitably.

While genetic engineering has potential applications in conservation, it is not considered to be a key strategy for biodiversity conservation on the same level as habitat protection, sustainable use, and education.

The reintroduction of the California condor, the protection of the Great Barrier Reef, and the eradication of smallpox are all examples of successful biodiversity conservation initiatives.

Mitigation refers to the process of reducing or eliminating the negative impacts of human activities on biodiversity, such as by reducing pollution, protecting habitats, and promoting sustainable land use practices.

Tundra regions are not typically considered to be biodiversity hotspots, as they are characterized by low species diversity compared to other ecosystems.

Agriculture, urbanization, and mining are all major causes of habitat loss and fragmentation, as they convert natural habitats into human-dominated landscapes.

Restoration refers to the process of restoring degraded ecosystems to their natural state, often involving the reintroduction of native species and the removal of invasive species.

While overpopulation can have indirect impacts on biodiversity, it is not considered to be a key challenge in biodiversity conservation on the same level as climate change, habitat loss, and pollution.

Sea otters, African elephants, and monarch butterflies are all examples of keystone species, as they play a disproportionately large role in their respective ecosystems relative to their abundance.

Invasive species are non-native species that have been introduced into an ecosystem and have become a threat to native species and ecosystems.

While controlling and managing invasive species is important, eradicating all non-native species is not a realistic or desirable goal, as many non-native species can coexist with native species without causing significant harm.

Adaptation refers to the process of reducing the negative impacts of climate change on biodiversity, such as by helping species adapt to changing environmental conditions and protecting vulnerable ecosystems.